论文总字数:16793字
摘 要
缺氧是水产养殖中面临的主要威胁之一。本研究利用转录组测序(RNA-seq)技术,对常氧和低氧胁迫的条件下乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)鳃组织基因的差异表达进行了比较分析。测序结果共得到51305126条清洁序列,并进一步组装为73772条单基因序列,平均长度为1172 bp。通过实验组与对照组表达量比较,共鉴定出572个差异表达基因,其中,331(58%)个下调基因,241(42%)个上调基因。经q值排序并结合低氧胁迫相关文献获得低氧胁迫相关显著上调基因与显著下调基因共20个,这一些基因的位点或片段发生了或多或少的突变,且在低氧胁迫下发生率更高。其中含有关于cGMP-PKG信号通路,cAMP信号通路,甲状腺激素信号通路以及HIF-1信号通路的基因。本研究从基因表达的角度分析出的结果有助于揭示乌苏里拟鲿应对低氧胁迫的逆境的生理以及遗传的调控机制,同时对乌苏里拟鲿低氧下死亡的防治和今后该鱼抗逆新品种的选育提供了科学依据和理论的支持。关键词:乌苏里拟鲿,鳃,低氧胁迫,转录组分析
Abstract: Hypoxia is one of the main stresses in aquaculture. In this study, the RNA-seq based comparative transcriptomic analyses were conducted for gills of Pseudobagrus ussuriensis under natural DO and hypoxia stress conditions. In general, a total of 51,305,126 clean reads were obtained and were further assembled into 73,772 unigenes with an average length 1,172 bp. All single genes are annotated in seven public databases. Through comparison of expressed genes between the experimental group and control group, a total of 572 differentially expressed genes were identified, among which 331 (58%) were down-regulated genes and 241 (42%) were up-regulated. Twenty genes with significant differential expression between the two groups were selected by q-value for further analyses. All of these genes have polymorphic loci, and it seems that polymorphic loci occurred more frequently in individuals under hypoxia stress. The 20 genes were related to signaling pathways of the cGMP-PKG, the cAMP, thyroid hormone, and HIF-1. Finally, we study the expression of the two gene of known function and channel. the results show that they are on the way of oxygen after the stress analysis results. The results obtained in this study will contribute to the physiological role of the gene and the gene oxygen stress reaction and provide scientific basis and theoretical support for the prevention and control of hypoxia stress and the breeding of new stress-resistant varieties for Pseudobagrus ussuriensis in future.
Keywords: Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, gill, hypoxia, transcriptome analysis
目 录
1 前言 4
2 材料与方法 4
2.1 实验动物 4
2.2胁迫实验与取样 5
2.3 RNA的制备、文库构建和转录组测序 5
2.4转录组的重新组装、功能分类和注释 5
2.5 SNP和InDel的处理、基因表达水平转换、差异表达基因的处理 5
2.6低氧相关差异表达基因分析 6
3 结果与分析 6
3.1转录组测序、组装和基因注释 6
3.2基因表达水平分析 8
3.3差异表达基因分析与鉴定 9
3.4低氧相关的差异基因分析 10
3.5 SNP和InDel分析 12
4 讨论 13
结论 15
参考文献 16
致谢 18
1 前言
乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis),又名乌苏里鮠,别名牛尾巴、黄昂子、回鳇鱼 ,鲇形目,鲿科,拟鲿属的一个物种[1]。该鱼最适生长水温为在22℃到25℃之间,广泛地分布于黑龙江、乌苏里江、嫩江、松花江等水域,洪泽湖、太湖等地也有分布[2, 3],该鱼常栖息在缓流中,它具有很强的抗病力。该鱼常年都摄食,生殖期和冬季摄食是减弱的[2, 3]。乌苏里拟鲿是生长较快的鲿科经济鱼类,适宜于池塘和网箱养殖,病虫害少,乌苏里拟鲿一般个体重0.5~2公斤,最大个体重5公斤以上,3年就可达到性成熟[2]。该鱼由于肉味鲜美,无股间刺,营养丰富,已成为人们常见烧菜和作火锅料的河鲜美味。乌苏里拟鲿凭借生命力强,生长较快,也适宜于池塘和网箱养殖,病虫害少,市场需求旺盛,价格较优等优点,乌苏里拟鲿成为了中国重要的水产养殖经济资源的物种之一。
近些年来,乌苏里拟鲿的由于口感美味的优点在市场上供不应求。而乌苏里拟鲿野生品种资源接近枯竭,并且乌苏里拟鲿市场价格高,有很强的市场潜力,所以人工养殖的前景一片大好。然而该鱼低氧耐受性差,生产活动中,由于近年来经常遭遇极端天气,水华等现象也均会造成养殖水体溶氧的不足,苗种运输作为鱼类养殖过程重要的一部分,长途运输过程也面临低氧[4]。鱼类在应对低氧胁迫的过程中生理活动会失衡,甚至会死亡[5-7]。进而造成经济损失,而鳃器官又是鱼体的呼吸器官,所以为了保证乌苏里拟鲿水产经济的可持续发展,保护其优良性状,研究其低氧胁迫下鱼鳃组织基因表达对鱼类的健康养殖有重要的意义。目前国内关于乌苏里拟鲿的研究多集中于生物学[8]、养殖[9-11]、遗传[12, 13]等方面,而对该鱼应对低氧胁迫的组织基因表达研究还未报道,而鱼类的鳃器官是其呼吸器官,其能感知水体的溶氧量的多少以及变化,所以研究低氧胁迫下乌苏里拟鲿鳃组织基因的表达就显得格外重要。
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