有机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展

论文总字数：25404字

摘 要

随着社会的进步，环境污染、能源匮乏等问题呈严重化趋势发展，因此太阳能这一清洁能源进入了人们的视野。本文综述了部分常见的太阳能电池，例如硅类、铜铟硒薄膜类、染料敏化类以及钙钛矿类，通过对这些电池的现状进行分析，最终得出钙钛矿太阳能电池因其光电性能好、制备成本低、制备工艺简单等优点，成为最具有前景的太阳能电池这一结论。其次，本文介绍了钙钛矿太阳能电池的组成、结构，并且详细综述了常用的制备钙钛矿薄膜的方法，例如一步法、两步法、双源共蒸发法和溶液气相沉积法。在众多方法中，一步法的可重复性好、可以进行低温处理使其稳定性提高，并且该法工艺简单，是最常见的制备方法。有机金属卤化物钙钛矿材料制成的太阳能电池，具有制备成本低、能量回收期短等特点，因此在众多材料中脱颖而出，并且该种电池自研发以来得到了长足的发展。即便如此，这种电池依然面临着一些挑战，如原材料具有毒性、电池面积小、使用寿命低、稳定性差等。针对这些问题，本文分析了近年来的优化方法，研究者们通常通过优化钙钛矿的结构成分、结构维度、器件材料的方法来提高电池的光电效率以及稳定性。目前，人类对清洁能源需求越来越大，因此钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展前景十分乐观。如果在今后的研究发展中，这类电池可以在实现大面积生产、延长使用寿命、解决铅污染问题、保持性能稳定的情况下提高光电效率，那势必会成为新型清洁能源中的一大主流。

关键词：太阳能电池;钙钛矿材料;稳定性;光电效率

Research progress of organic metal halide perovskite solar cells

Abstract

With the progress of society, environmental pollution, energy waste and other issues show a serious trend. Therefore, the clean energy of solar energy has entered people's vision. Here is a summary of some common solar cells, such as silicon, copper indium selenium thin film, dye sensitized and perovskite. By analyzing the current status of these batteries, the perovskite solar cell is finally generated due to its photovoltaic performance Good, low manufacturing cost, simple manufacturing process and other advantages, become the most promising solar cell. This paper also introduced the composition and structure of perovskite solar cell, and the commonly used methods for preparing perovskite thin film are summarized in detail, such as One-step method, two-step method, dual source co-evaporation method and solution vapor deposition method. Among the many methods, the one-step method has good reproducibility, can be processed by low temperature to improve its stability, and the method is simple in process and is the most common preparation method. The solar cell made of organometallic halide perovskite material has the characteristics of low preparation cost and short energy recovery period. Therefore, it stands out among many materials, and the seed battery has developed greatly since its research and development. Even so, this battery still faces some challenges, such as toxic raw materials, small battery area, low volume, and poor stability. In response to these problems, the necessary optimization methods are analyzed here. Researchers usually improve the photoelectric efficiency and stability of the battery by optimizing the structure, structure size, and device materials of the perovskite. As a result, mankind's demand for clean energy is increasing, so the development prospects of perovskite solar cells are very optimistic. If in the previous research and development, such batteries can achieve large-scale production, expansion, solve the problem of lead pollution, and maintain photoelectric efficiency while improving performance, it will inevitably become a major mainstream in new clean energy.

Keywords: Solar Battery, Perovskite Materials, Stability, Photoelectric Efficience

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 有机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究背景及意义 1

1.2 太阳能电池的研究进展 1

1.3 不同太阳能电池的研究进展 2

1.3.1 硅类太阳能电池 2

1.3.2 铜铟硒薄膜太阳能电池 3

1.3.3 染料敏化太阳能电池 3

1.3.4 钙钛矿太阳能电池 3

1.4 钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电机理和光伏特性 3

1.4.1 概述 3

1.4.2 光电机理 4

1.4.3 光伏特性 4

第二章 有机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究 5

2.1 有机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池的组成 5

2.2 有机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构 5

2.2.1 介孔结构 5

2.2.2 平面结构 6

2.3 有机金属卤化物钙钛矿薄膜的制备方法 6

2.3.1 一步法 6

2.3.2 两步法 7

2.3.3 双源共蒸发法 7

2.3.4 溶液—气相沉积法 8

2.3.5 小结 8

第三章 有机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池的问题与解决 10

3.1 有机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池现存的问题与优化方法 10

3.1.1 原料具有毒性 10

3.1.2 稳定性差 10

3.1.3 大面积制备困难 10

3.1.4 电池寿命短 11

3.2 稳定性研究 11

3.2.1 钙钛矿结构成分的优化 11

3.2.2 钙钛矿材料结构维度的优化 12

3.2.3 器件结构的优化 12

第四章 总结与展望 14

4.1 总结 14

4.2 展望 14

致 谢 15

参考文献 16

第一章 绪论

1.1 有机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究背景及意义

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