论文总字数:33864字
摘 要
沥青混合料是一种结构复杂的多相材料,其细观特性对宏观性能有重要的影响。沥青混合料粗集料间摩擦和嵌挤作用,是混合料力学强度的重要组成部分。而集料间的接触特性,则是决定摩擦、嵌挤作用形式、程度的重要因素。沥青混合料高温稳定性是影响路面使用的重要特性。本文利用高精度二维数字图像处理技术,对三种级配高强沥青混合料试件细观特性进行分析,研究粗集料接触几何特性与高温稳定性间的联系。
首先,利用扫描仪获取三种级配高强沥青混合料试件截面的二维数字图像,并进行图像处理过程,采用阈值法将图像二值化,并通过人工涂白、添加滤镜等方法提高精度,最终成功获取粗集料及其接触图像。
其次,通过MATLAB程序对粗集料、接触的几何特性进行测量,分析得到集料与接触的个数、长度及角度分布特性,并按集料尺寸、接触长度等进行筛分统计。研究表明,三种级配沥青混合料粗集料大多为水平或小于45°方向分布;接触作用大部分产生于粒径较小的集料之间,且较小集料接触较充分;接触线角度绝大部分分布于90°-135°之间。
再次,对三种混合料进行单轴动态蠕变试验,得到蠕变曲线及流变次数FN、第二阶段累积微应变速率k等参数,从而对三种混合料高温性能进行评价。研究表明,SMA-13试件流变次数较小,第二阶段累积微应变速率较大,体现出较差的高温抗车辙性能;ECA-10试件流变次数较大,高温蠕变试验破坏前的最大累积微应变最大,体现出其较好的高低温抵抗变形的韧性;AC-13(s)试件流变次数最大,第二阶段应变速率最低,体现出最优异的高温抗车辙性能。
最后,将接触特性与高温性能进行联系,得出接触对总个数、接触比等参数与高温稳定性的相关性。研究表明,接触对总个数、接触比以及0.1-1.0档接触线总长度与FN值正相关,与k值负指数相关。
关键词:高强沥青混合料;细观结构;接触特性;扫描;数字图像处理技术;单轴动态蠕变
ABSTRACT
Asphalt mixture is a kind of multiphase material with complex structure,and its meso characteristics have important influence on the macro performance of the mixture. The friction and Interlocking effect between the coarse aggregates of the mixture are the important components of the mechanical strength of the asphalt mixture. While the contact characteristics of aggregates determine the form and degree of friction and extrusion. The high temperature stability of asphalt mixture is an important characteristic that influences the pavement performance. In this paper, the technology of processing two-dimensional digital image in high precision is used to analyze the meso characteristics of three kinds of gradation of high strength asphalt mixture specimens, in order to find the relationship between the geometric characteristics and the high temperature stability.
First of all, we use the scanner to obtain the two-dimensional digital images of cross sections of high strength asphalt mixture specimen, and then process them. In order to get the image of coarse aggregates and their contacts with high accuracy, we convert the image to the binary one, and use white pencil to paint the coarse aggregates. Besides, we add green filter to the image.
Secondly, the MATLAB program is used to measure the geometry characteristics of coarse aggregate and contact to obtain the number, length and angle of them. Besides, the contact is screened and statistically analyzed. Studies show that the angles of coarse aggregate mostly are 0° or lower than 45°. Most of the contacts are generated between the aggregates with smaller particle size, and the contacts between smaller aggregates are more adequate. The contact line angles are mostly distributed between 90° and 135°.
Thirdly, Uniaxial dynamic creep test is conducted on three kinds of the mixture. Creep curves and rheological times FN, the rate of cumulative micro strain k at second stage and other parameters are obtained. Studies show that the flow number (FN) of SMA-13 specimen is smallest, and the cumulative micro strain rate at the second stage (k) is largest, which reflect the poorest high temperature rutting resistance performance. FN of ECA-10 specimen is larger, and the total cumulative micro strain is the largest, reflecting the good ductile of high and low temperature resistance deformation. FN of AC-13(s) specimen is largest and the value of k is smallest, which reflects the most excellent high temperature resistance to rutting performance.
Last of all, contact characteristic and high temperature performance are related, and the correlation between the total number of contacts, the contact ratio and the high temperature stability is obtained. Studies show that the total number of contact, the contact ratio and the total length of the contact line in 0.1-1.0 has positive correlation with FN, and has correlation of minus index with k.
KEYWORDS: high strength asphalt mixture; micromechanics; contact characteristic; scanning; Digital Image Processing Technology; Uniaxial dynamic creep test.
目录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 沥青混合料细观结构研究现状 2
1.3 沥青混合料高温稳定性评价方法 3
1.4 研究目标、内容和技术路线 4
1.4.1 研究目标 4
1.4.2 研究内容 4
1.4.3 技术路线 5
1.5 本章小结 5
第二章 高精度二维数字图像方法 6
2.1 数字图像获取 6
2.2 数字图像处理 7
2.2.1 图像增强 7
2.2.2 图像分割 8
2.2.3 图像后处理 10
2.3 数字图像分析 10
2.4 本章小结 11
第三章 不同级配沥青混合料细观特性分析 12
3.1 不同级配沥青混合料试件的制备 12
3.1.1 原材料及配合比设计 12
3.1.2 沥青混合料试件成型 15
3.2 集料及接触特性分析 16
3.2.1 三种混合料二维图像样本级配 17
3.2.2 集料取向角分布特性 17
3.2.3 接触总特性 18
3.2.4 每档集料接触特性 19
3.2.5 接触线角度特性 21
3.2.6 接触长度筛分特性 23
3.3 本章小结 23
第四章 三种级配沥青混合料高温性能的试验研究 24
4.1 试验方法 24
4.2 试验数据分析 25
4.3 试验结论 26
4.4 本章小结 26
第五章 粗集料接触特性对混合料高温性能的影响 27
5.1 各接触参数与高温特性联系的定性分析 27
5.1.1 接触对总个数 27
5.1.2 接触比c 28
5.1.3 集料取向角与接触线角度 28
5.1.4 接触线长度分布 29
5.2 结论分析 30
5.3 本章小结 30
第六章 结论与展望 31
6.1 研究结论 31
6.2 创新点 32
6.3 展望 32
致 谢 33
参考文献 34
- 绪论
- 研究背景
沥青路面以其良好的路用性能,被广泛应用于公路和城市道路,成为各国高等级公路的主要路面形式。随着社会经济的发展,道路交通量日益增大,重型车数量增多、高压轮胎使用频繁,给沥青路面的承载带来了严重的考验,对路面材料也提出了更高的性能要求。
沥青混合料是一种结构复杂的多相材料,其细观结构概念是指各组成材料间相互作用的特点、相对位置分布以及相互联系的情况,包括矿物颗粒大小及其不同粒径分布、颗粒相互位置、沥青及沥青砂浆在混合料中的分布特性以及空隙率分布特征等。沥青混合料是由集料、沥青胶浆、空气组成的三相体系,其中,集料由粗、细集料组成,为不连续分散相;沥青胶浆由填料和沥青组成,为分散介质[1]。
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