基于城市轨道交通的常规公交运能优化

 2022-07-14 14:18:01

论文总字数:53890字

摘 要

作为一种能耗低且承载量大的出行方式,公共交通的发展状况在很大程度上影响着整个城市的交通系统的出行结构和出行效率。公共交通通常主要包括地面常规公交和地铁,两者的有效衔接才能实现健康有序的公交系统。本文将主要研究地铁与常规公交的换乘衔接模式,通过优化公交的发车间隔来改善常规公交的服务水平,实现常规公交的运能优化,更好地满足乘客出行可达性的要求。

首先,本文着眼于地铁换乘公交的这一过程并建立换乘衔接模型,优化的目标函数不仅考虑了换乘乘客的等待时间和公交运营的成本,更考虑了换乘乘客的心理感受—乘客不满意度以及非换乘乘客的等待时间。其次,本文在实际中选取了一个典型的地铁—常规公交换乘站点,并进行了公交客流的调查,通过整理和分析后将数据作为模型的输入值。最后,本文采用了改进的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II),利用MATLAB语言进行实际换乘衔接模型的求解,获得了公交线路发车间隔帕累托最优解集,并结合换乘站点的信息服务对优化地铁换乘公交的过程提出了建议。

关键词:常规公交,换乘衔接模型,公交发车间隔,NSGA-II

Abstract

As a mode of travel with low energy consumption and large carrying capacity,the development of public transport,to a large extent,affects the travel structure and travel efficiency of the whole urban's transportation system. Public transportation mainly consists of conventional public transit and railway transit,which can be effectively connected to achieve a healthy and orderly public transport system. This paper mainly studies the transfer from rail transit to conventional public transit to improve the service level and optimize the capacity of the conventional public transit by adjusting the departure interval of public transport, better meeting the requirements of passengers on accessibility during a travel.

First of all,this paper focuses on the process of the transfer between railway transit and different bus lines then establishes a transfer coordination model. The optimized objective function not only considers the waiting time for transfer passengers and the cost of bus operations,but also considers the passenger's psychological feelings,namely,passengers dissatisfaction and waiting time for non-transfer passengers. Secondly,it selects a typical transfer station in practice,and conducts an investigation of corresponding passenger flow. After sorting and analyzing,,the data is taken as the input value of the model. In the end,this paper adopts an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and uses MATLAB language to solve the established transfer coordination model. The Pareto optimal solution set of departure interval of bus line is obtained,combining information service of the transfer station,some suggestions are put forward to optimize the transfer process.

KEY WORDS: conventional public transit, transfer coordination model,departure interval of bus,NSGA-II

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景与研究目的 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.2.1 国内研究现状 1

1.2.2 国外研究现状 2

1.3 研究内容 3

1.4 研究技术路线 3

第二章 轨道交通与常规公交衔接理论分析 4

2.1 轨道交通与常规公交出行特性 4

2.2 轨道交通与常规公交换乘模式 5

2.3 轨道交通与常规公交衔接优化分析 7

2.3.1 公交时刻表优化 7

2.3.2 换乘站信息服务优化 9

第三章 轨道交通与常规公交换乘协调模型 11

3.1 轨道交通与常规公交换乘协调原则 11

3.2 模型目标 12

3.2.1 换乘乘客等待时间 12

3.2.2 换乘乘客不满意度 13

3.2.3 非换乘乘客等待时间 13

3.2.4 公交运营成本 14

3.3 模型构造 14

3.3.1 模型假设 14

3.3.2 模型具体形式 15

第四章 算例求解 19

4.1 实地调查 19

4.2 数据整理与分析 20

4.3 带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II) 28

4.4 程序设计 30

4.5 运行结果分析 35

第五章 结论与展望 40

5.1 研究结论 40

5.2 未来展望 40

致 谢 42

参考文献 43

附 录 45

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