论文总字数：56501字

摘 要

目前，中国各大城市规模不断扩大，路面交通问题日益严重，各大城市相继修建了城市地铁交通系统。但地铁通常无法直接到达目的地，不少乘客搭乘地铁后需要换乘常规公交。由于地铁换乘公交的交通方式出现时间较短，不少换乘枢纽存在着步行距离长等影响乘客满意度的问题，因此需要对换乘枢纽衔接设施进行优化设计，提高乘客的换乘满意度，鼓励和引导乘客使用公共交通。

本文以地铁公交换乘枢纽为研究对象，基于地铁公交IC卡、百度地图POI用地数据分析换乘枢纽的需求特性，并提出基于多变量聚类分析的地铁公交换乘枢纽分类方法；通过对换乘乘客的行为调查和换乘枢纽衔接设施调查，以层次分析法构建换乘枢纽衔接设施服务水平模型，总结换乘枢纽衔接设施优化设计方法与流程，最后进行了实例验证与分析。

首先，提出地铁公交换乘枢纽的分类方法与分析步骤，获取出站客流量、换乘客流量、换乘比例、换乘时间、POI（500m）、POI（1000m）6个聚类变量数据应用该分类方法对南京市地铁公交换乘枢纽进行分类，将地铁公交换乘枢纽分为城市中心型、地铁公交型和交通拓展型3类。

其次，总结和分类换乘枢纽衔接设施与设计内容，通过问卷调查获取衔接设施的重要度，基于重要度以运能匹配度、平均候车时间、平均步行距离，引导指示信息、换乘通道行人流率、候车设施6项指标采用层次分析法构建换乘枢纽衔接设施服务水平评价模型，对换乘枢纽衔接设施问题进行诊断。

最后，针对构建的换乘枢纽衔接设施服务水平评价指标，提出6项指标的优化方法，构建站点优化模型，总结换乘枢纽衔接设施优化设计的流程。应用该流程对选定的地铁公交型换乘枢纽大明路地铁站进行问题诊断与优化设计，提出有效可行的优化方案，证明换乘枢纽衔接设施优化设计流程的实用性。

关键词：地铁公交换乘，枢纽分类，设施服务水平评价，优化设计

Abstract

At present, cities in China is continuously expanding, and the problem of road traffic is becoming increasingly serious. Major cities have successively built urban metro transportation systems. However, subways usually cannot reach their destinations directly, and many passengers need to transfer to buses after taking the subway. Due to the short time of metro-bus emerging, many interchange hubs have problems such as long walking distance affecting passengers' satisfaction. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the design of connecting facilities of interchange hubs to improve passengers' satisfaction to encourage and guide passengers to use public transportation.

This article takes the metro-bus interchange hub as the research object, analyzes the demand characteristics of the interchange hub based on the metro and bus IC card and Baidu map POI land data, and proposes the classification method of the metro-bus interchange hub based on the multivariate clustering analysis; Passenger behavior survey on interchange connection facility were conducted. The evaluation method of the service level of interchange hub connection facilities was the analytic hierarchy process, and the optimization design method and procedure of connection facilities for metro-bus hubs were summarized. Finally, examples were verified and analyzed.

First, the classification method and analysis steps of the subway transit hub are proposed. To obtain the data of 6 clustering variables: outbound passenger flow, transfer flow, transfer ratio, transfer time, POI (500m) and POI (1000m). Nanjing metro-bus interchange hubs were divided into three types: urban center type, metro-transit type, and traffic extension type.

Secondly, it summarizes and classifies the connection facilities and design content, obtains the importance of connecting facilities through questionnaire surveys, and based on the degree of importance, picked out indicators of capacity matching, the average waiting time, the average walking distance, the guiding instruction information, the pedestrian flow of the transfer channel and waiting facilities. Using the analytic hierarchy process based on the six indicators to construct a service level evaluation model for interchange hub connecting facilities, and diagnose the problem of connecting facilities of hubs.

Finally, based on the service level evaluation index, the optimization methods of six indicators are proposed. The site optimization model is constructed and the optimal design flow is built. This process is used to diagnose problems and optimize the design of the selected metro-bus hub Daming Road subway station, and proposes an effective optimization program, which proves the practicability of the optimal design flow of the interchange hub connection facility.

KEY WORDS: metro-bus interchange, hub classification, facility service level evaluation, optimization design

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 1

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景与意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.2.1 国内外研究成果综述 1

1.2.2 国内外研究现状总结 2

1.3 研究目标和主要内容 3

1.3.1 研究目标 3

1.3.2 研究内容 3

1.4 研究步骤及技术路线 3

第二章 基于聚类分析的地铁公交换乘枢纽分类 5

2.1 地铁公交换乘枢纽分类方法与分析步骤 5

2.1.1 选择与量化聚类变量 5

2.1.2 提取聚类因子 6

2.1.3 选择聚类方法 7

2.1.4 分析聚类特征 7

2.2 地铁公交换乘枢纽分类方法的应用研究 7

2.2.1 选择与量化聚类变量 7

2.2.2 提取聚类因子结果 11

2.2.3 聚类结果输出 12

2.2.4 聚类特征分析 13

2.2.5 选取典型枢纽 14

2.3 本章小结 15

第三章 换乘枢纽衔接设施服务水平评价 16

3.1 城市地铁与常规公交换乘枢纽衔接设施 16

3.1.1 换乘枢纽衔接设施的分类 16

3.1.2 换乘枢纽衔接设施的设计内容 16

3.1.3 换乘枢纽衔接设施总结 18

3.2 换乘枢纽衔接设施重要度的获取 19

3.2.1 问卷设计与数据收集 19

3.2.2 设施重要度分析 20

3.3 换乘枢纽衔接设施服务水平评价模型构建 21

3.3.1 服务水平评价指标的层次性 21

3.3.2 服务水平评价指标与计算方法 21

3.3.3 服务水平评价模型构建 25

3.4 本章小结 27

第四章 换乘枢纽衔接设施优化设计方法 28

4.1 换乘枢纽衔接设施优化方法 28

4.1.1 平均候车时间指标优化方法 28

4.1.2 平均步行距离指标优化方法 30

4.1.3 其他评价指标优化方法 31

4.2 换乘枢纽衔接设施优化设计流程 33

4.3 本章小结 34

第五章 换乘枢纽衔接设施优化设计实例分析 36

5.1 现状交通调查与分析 36

5.1.1 土地利用特征 36

5.1.2 换乘需求分析 38

5.2 设施基本情况 40

5.2.1 地下步行设施 40

5.2.2 路面步行设施 42

5.2.3 常规公交设施 42

5.2.4 交通组织和诱导系统 44

5.3 换乘枢纽衔接设施服务水平评价 45

5.3.1 换乘高效性指标 45

5.3.2 换乘便捷性指标 46

5.3.3 换乘舒适性指标 47

5.3.4 换乘枢纽衔接设施服务水平评价 48

5.4 换乘枢纽衔接设施优化设计 49

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