论文总字数：30909字

摘 要

随着我国机动车拥有量及道路交通量急剧增加，交通拥堵问题和交通环境污染问题日益严峻，大力发展公共交通刻不容缓。纯电动车辆具有污染小、能量来源多样化等优点，可显著缓解城市交通污染问题，从而越来越受到各方面重视。但由于其动力电池续驶里程有限、充电时间较长等技术局限性，导致纯电动车辆在具体应用方面受到严重制约。在现有技术暂时无法突破的阶段，为纯电动公交车制定合适的时刻表可以在一定程度上缓解电动车辆技术局限性带来的续驶里程短和充电时间长的问题。纯电动车辆调度需要考虑续驶里程及充电时间限制，而常规公交车辆调度模型显然不适用于电动公交车辆调度，因此，需建立考虑电池特性的适用于纯电动公交车辆的行车时刻表。

本文通过对电动公交车电池特性的国内外现状研究，首先对电动公交车电池特性进行筛选和分析，得出与本文电动公交车时刻表编制问题最密切相关的部分电池特性：电池容量。其次，在常规电动公交车行驶特点的基础上，分析电动公交车的行驶特点与影响电动公交车行驶的外部因素。最后，综合分析上述电动公交车电池特性和行驶特点分析成果对其时刻表编制的影响，为后续基础模型的选择和最终成果的提取打下理论基础。

根据公交时刻表编制问题国内外现状研究成果，选择适合作为电动公交车时刻表编制方法两个基本模型，分别为最小运输费用模型和时空网络结构OD模型。然后分别分析这两种模型的特点，结合电动公交车时刻表编制所需考虑的因素，对两个模型进行比选，最终选择最合适的模型。

本文在最后建立并完善考虑电动公交车电池特性的时刻表编制方法设计。通过模拟建立一系列的场景，对所得的模型进行验证，验证结果显示该模型合理可行。

Abstract

With China's vehicle ownership and road traffic volume increase sharply, traffic congestion and pollution of the environment problem is becoming more and more serious, so it is urgent to develop the public transportation, especially in new energy bus got great attention. Pure electric vehicle has many characteristics, such as pollution of small, diversification of energy sources, can significantly alleviate the urban traffic pollution, making more and more attention to all aspects. But due to the technical limitations such as travel distance is not long enough and power the battery charges for a long time, , result in pure electric vehicle severely restricted in terms of specific application. Temporarily unable to break through the present technology, establishing suitable for pure electric bus schedule is also available in electric vehicle technology limitations to some extent with various problems. Pure electric vehicle scheduling travel distance to consider and charging time limit, the regular bus scheduling model is not suitable for electric bus scheduling, obviously, therefore, to establish the property of battery is suitable for the electric bus schedules.

In this paper, the status quo of research both at home and abroad, the characteristics of the electric bus first screening and analysis on characteristics of electric buses, conclusions from this paper electric bus schedule problem is most closely related to the part of the battery. Second, on the basis of the driving features of the conventional electric buses, the driving features of the analysis of electric buses and external factors affecting driving electric buses. Finally, the comprehensive analysis of the electric bus driving features of the battery characteristics, and analysis results on its schedule establishment, basis for subsequent model choice and the extraction of final results lay a theoretical basis.

According to the situation of bus timetable problem is the domestic and foreign research results, choose two suitable for electric bus timetable based model establishment method of the two models, respectively the minimum transport cost model and the time-space network structure model. This chapter will analysis the characteristics of these two models respectively, and the combination of the above electric bus schedule preparation factors needed to consider, to comparison of the two models, finally select the most appropriate model.

In this paper, I set up and improve the property of electric bus timetable preparation method design. By establishing a series of scenarios simulation for the model verification, validation results showed that the model is feasible..

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1公交时刻表编制问题国内外研究现状 2

1.2.2包含续驶时间约束的车辆调度问题研究综述 4

1.2.3纯电动车辆电池特性研究综述 4

1.3研究目的和意义 6

1.4研究内容及思路 6

1.5技术路线 8

第二章 电动公交车电池特性与行驶特点分析 9

2.1 电动公交车电池特性分析 9

2.1.1车用电池性能指标分析 9

2.1.2车用电池性能指标对公交车行车计划影响分析 11

2.2 电动公交车行驶特点及外部因素分析 12

2.2.1电动公交车行驶特点分析 12

2.2.2影响电动公交车行驶的外部因素分析 13

2.3 电动公交车电池特性和行驶特点对时刻表编制的影响 16

第三章 基础模型的比选研究 17

3.1 最小运输费用模型 17

3.2 时空网络结构OD模型 18

3.3 模型的比选 20

第四章 考虑电池特性的纯电动公交车时刻表编制模型建立 21

4.1 只考虑一辆车的时空网络结构模型 21

4.1.1参数的确定 21

4.1.2模型的建立 22

4.2 考虑整条路线的时刻表模型编制 24

4.3模型验证 24

第五章 结论与展望 28

5.1全文总结 28

5.2研究与展望 29

参考文献 30

致谢 32

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景

近年来，随着我国国民经济的高速发展和城镇化进程的不断加快，人民的生活水平持续提高，城市化水平不断增长，城市规模不断增大，我国机动车拥有量及道路交通量急剧增加。尤其在大城市，交通拥堵已成为制约城市可持续发展的主要瓶颈之一，并在很大程度上影响了人民生活水平的进一步提高以及城市经济的深入发展。在交通拥堵之外，交通污染问题也逐步成为我国重点治理的问题之一。相对于小汽车，公共交通具有许多不可替代的优势，例如运输性价比高、人均占用道路资源少、人均能源消耗少、人均碳排放量少等。因此，公共交通被认为是解决交通拥堵问题和交通污染问题的关键措施。2015年，十三五规划明确提出“推进交通运输低碳发展，实行公共交通优先”，这就要求公共交通提高其运输能力、服务水平、增强行业吸引力和竞争力，使之成为城市交通出行的主力军，缓解城市交通拥堵问题。

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