基于公交GPS数据的公交运行状态评估

论文总字数：24540字

摘 要

随着城市规模的不断扩大，交通拥堵问题日趋严重。解决城市交通拥堵问题最有效的手段，是改善公交服务质量、提高公交吸引力。因此，如何有效地监测、评估公交运行状态，对提高公交吸引力，缓解城市拥堵问题具有重要意义。

建立公交运行指标体系是公交运行状态评估的核心，计算公交运行指标需要以公交原始速度和时间记录为基础。相比传统的跟车调查方式，车载GPS数据采集技术具有实时、全面、准确、海量数据的优点，目前已广泛运用在公交运行研究中。本论文以评估公交运行状态为目标，运用车载GPS技术采集速度和时间数据，利用数据挖掘手段获取公交运行指标，对南京市部分公交线路的运行状态进行监测，并结合路网信息进行定性定量结合的评价。

本论文的框架如下：论文首先介绍了以往的公交运行研究成果，并根据本论文中GPS数据的特征筛选指标，建立了适用于本论文的公交运行指标体系；其次，考虑到原始GPS数据存在的冗余、漂移、时间精度仅到分钟等缺点，提出数据简化、预处理及地图匹配的方法。接着，用谷歌地球软件导入数据，结合地图地图定位沿线公交站点，得到公交到站时刻表；最后，计算出各项公交运行评估指标，并根据线网信息，进行定量定性结合的综合评估。

关键词：GPS数据；预处理；公交运行指标；综合评估

RESEARCH ON EVALUATION OF BUS OPERATING CONDITION BASED ON GPS DATA

Abstract

The problem of traffic congestion is getting worse and worse along with the expand of city size. One of the most effective way to solve the problem, is to improve the quality of bus service and increase its attractiveness. Therefore, it is of great significance to find out a way, by which we can effectively monitor the operation condition of bus service, and then evaluate it.

The essential part of bus operating condition evaluation is establishment of bus service index system.. The calculation of those index is based on the origin data recorded by GPS monitor. Compared with traditional way of survey, GPS data has the advantage of being up-to-date, comprehensive, accurate and in huge numbers, which has been widely used in transport research for a very long time.

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the operating condition of bus service. In the process, GPS is used to collect original data of coordinate.Data mining is introduced to find out the service index. This paper uses the data recorded by GPS on several bus routes in Nanjing,China and finally presents comprehensive evaluation of those routes.

The framework of the paper is displayed as follow: First of all, the paper introduces several former research conclusion on bus service index, together with the drawback of original code data. Then the paper set up a new system for operation condition evaluation for bus used in this paper., presenting a new method of pr-processing to improve the accuracy of data. Following that Google Earth software is introduced to input the data, display the route on map, and then sort out bus arrival time. Finally, the service data is calculated. Comprehensive evaluations is given according to the value of index and other information of the route.

Key words: GPS data; pr-processing; bus service index; comprehensive evaluation

目 录

摘要 Ⅰ

ABSTRACT Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

1.3成果总结 3

1.4研究目标 3

1.5论文技术路线图 4

第二章 公交运行评估指标体系 5

2.1 指标的选取与筛选 5

2.1.1 指标的选取 5

2.1.2 指标的筛选 5

2.2 公交评估指标的计算方法 6

2.3 本章小结 9

第三章 数据简化、预处理与地图匹配 10

3.1 GPS数据结构简介 10

3.2 数据预处理方法 11

3.2.1排序规则 11

3.2.2 数据漂移和冗余处理 12

3.2.3 时间精度处理 12

3.3 地图匹配方法 15

3.3.1 Global Mapper 15

3.3.2 Google Earth Pro 百度地图 18

第四章 公交运行评估实例 24

4.1 数据预处理及地图匹配 24

4.1.1 数据记录起点的重定位问题 24

4.1.2 冗余数据的处理 26

4.1.3 时间精度的处理 26

4.1.4 地图匹配 27

4.2 指标的计算 30

4.2.1线路分析 30

4.2.2不同线路间的指标比较 39

4.3运行评估结论 39

第五章 结论与展望 40

5.1 主要研究成果 40

5.2 研究展望 40

致谢 41

参考文献 42

第一章 绪论

1.1 研究背景及意义

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