论文总字数：25727字

摘 要

如今，随着中国城市化进程的不断发展，城市道路建设也日趋完善，与此同时，一些配套设施，例如人行道，自行车道等的规划建设也逐渐得到重视。当前，城市交通也从大力建设基础设施阶段逐步向运营管理基础设施阶段转换。另一方面，公众对于基础设施也提出了更高的要求，他们希望能有更为安全的出行环境和更为高效的出行效率，这对管理部门也提出了更高的要求，而当前，我国在这一方面缺乏相关的理论基础以及实践的经验，管理部门对于这些诉求并不能开展有效的手段，只能采取一些常规手段，但这就导致了无法满足人们日益增长的需求以及当出现突发状况时，我们难以做出有效的应对措施，导致某些意外事故发生后，出现难以控制以造成更大损失的局面，因此，作为研究者，我们需要了解行人运动的客观规律，并将其运用到城市道路的设计，建设以及运营中去。

本文主要的研究对象是单排行人流，本文研究目的是研究在瓶颈处，单排行人流具有的运动特性，本文采用无人机对实验进行录制，通过运用视频处理软件，如Tracker等，对拍摄的视频进行后期的数据采集及处理，我们可以得到一系列能够精确描述行人运动特征的数据，我们可以得到每个时刻每个行人的运动位置，进而进一步得到行人的流量，行人密度，行人速度等数据。通过对数据的可视化处理，我们可以得到较为简明的时空图，通过对时空图的分析，我们就可以得到一些有用的结论。

本文主要对环道单排实验和折线单排实验进行研究分析，讨论两种不同路线下，瓶颈对这两种情形的影响，分析其特性，提炼其共性。研究各次实验中的流量变化过程，绘制流量统计图，通过对比图表即可得到一定的流量变化规律。其次，分析了时走时停波在单排行人流中的传播特性，分析在不同密度条件下，时走时停波的不同特性。最后我们在路段上设置了虚拟的检测器，分析了人头时距以及速度在瓶颈条件下的特性。

关键词：行人流，单向，瓶颈，视频检测，实验

Abstract

Nowadays, with the continuous development of China's urbanization process, urban road construction is becoming more and more perfect. At the same time, the planning and construction of some supporting facilities, such as sidewalks and bicycle lanes, have gradually gained attention. At present, urban transportation has also gradually shifted from the stage of building infrastructure to the stage of operation management infrastructure. On the other hand, the public has put forward higher requirements for infrastructure. They hope to have a safer travel environment and more efficient travel efficiency. This also puts higher demands on the management department. Currently, China In this respect, lack of relevant theoretical foundation and practical experience, the management department can not carry out effective means for these appeals, and can only adopt some conventional means, but this leads to the inability to meet the growing needs of people and when there is a sudden In the situation, it is difficult for us to make effective countermeasures, which leads to situations where it is difficult to control and cause greater losses after some accidents. Therefore, as researchers, we need to understand the objective laws of pedestrian movement and apply them. Go to the design, construction and operation of urban roads.

The main research object of this paper is single-row pedestrian flow. The purpose of this paper is to study the motion characteristics of single-row pedestrian flow at the bottleneck. This paper uses the drone to record the experiment and uses video processing software such as Tracker to shoot the image. Video for late data collection and processing, we can get a series of data that can accurately describe the characteristics of pedestrian movement, we can get the movement position of each pedestrian at each moment, and further get the pedestrian flow, pedestrian density, pedestrian speed and other data . Through the visualization of the data, we can get a more concise time-space map. By analyzing the spatio-temporal graph, we can get some useful conclusions.

This paper mainly studies the loop single row experiment and the fold line single row experiment, discusses the impact of bottleneck on these two situations under two different routes, analyzes its characteristics and refines its commonality. Study the flow change process in each experiment, draw a flow chart, and get a certain flow change rule by comparing the chart. Secondly, it analyzes the propagation characteristics of time-lapse and stop-wave in single-row pedestrian flow, and analyzes the different characteristics of time-lapse and stop-wave under different density conditions. Finally, we set up a virtual detector on the road section to analyze the characteristics of the headway and speed under bottleneck conditions.

Keywords: pedestrian flow, unidirectional, bottleneck, video detection, experiment.

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 选题背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.3 本文主要研究内容 4

1.4 研究方法和技术路线 5

第二章 行人流实验介绍 6

2.1 数据采集方法概述 6

2.1.1 实测数据采集 6

2.1.2 实验数据采集 6

2.1.3 单排行人流实验设计思路 7

2.2 环道单排实验 8

2.3 折线单排实验 10

2.4 数据处理过程 12

第三章 瓶颈对单排行人运动的影响 14

3.1 瓶颈触发条件和流量对比 14

3.2 时走时停波的传播 17

3.3 不同位置虚拟检测器的分析结果 22

第四章 总结与展望 25

4.1 本文工作总结 25

4.2 本文研究成果与展望 26

参考文献 27

致 谢 28

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