许昌市城市公共自行车租赁点的空间布局设计

 2021-12-29 21:06:04

论文总字数:42985字

摘 要

城市交通机动化迅速发展造成全球能源枯竭、环境污染、交通拥堵等问题日益严重,发展慢行交通,建立公共自行车系统,鼓励低碳出行,引导出行者形成“公共自行车 公共交通”的出行模式,可以有效解决城市交通问题、提高交通运行效率和减少污染。公共自行车租赁点空间布局问题是系统规划建设过程中最重要的问题,空间布局结果直接影响系统的作用发挥、系统资源利用、系统运营等。

本文以许昌市为例,研究城市公共自行车租赁点规划中的关键问题,重点解决公共自行车需求预测方法、租赁点空间布局及选址、租赁点规模确定方法等,结合工程实际,提出能够应用于实践的公共自行车租赁点的规划技术。论文具体内容如下:

首先,综合大量国内外公共自行车的实践情况,分析总结国内外公共自行车客流需求预测、租赁点选址、规模确定等方法研究成果,是全文的理论基础。

其次,本文通过实地调研获取数据,分析许昌市公共自行车系统的运营现状。从居民公共自行车出行行为特征以及公共自行车借还时空特性两个方面对系统的运营情况做了详细分析。并从系统建设和运营两个方面对系统的使用满意度进行评价,指出目前许昌市公共自行车系统存在的主要问题。

再次,根据调查结果,运用多元Logit模型对许昌市公共自行车选择行为进行数学建模,利用模型进行客流需求预测,为租赁点空间布局设计提供依据。

最后,根据现状和客流需求预测,重点解决许昌市公共自行车系统空间布局设计问题。提出“分类指导、布点均衡、规模适宜、调整灵活”的总体布局方案。建立0-1整数规划租赁点选址模型,在满足90%的覆盖率以及客流需求的基础上以最小站点数为目标函数进行公共自行车租赁点选址。采用基于周转率的规模设计方法对租赁点的自行车和锁车柱进行规模设计。通过模糊层次分析法建立评价模型对许昌市公共自行车租赁点空间布局优化方案进行评价,证明方案的有效性。

关键词:公共自行车系统;租赁点;需求预测;选址规划;规模设计

ABSTRACT

Along with quick urbanization and motorization developing, Global energy depletion, environmental pollution and traffic congestion turn to worse and worse. The Public Bicycle System is a new mode of transportation, which encourages people to choose non-motorized traffic mode. It is very effective to overcome traffic problems and reduce environmental pollution at the same time. Bicycle rental point location is the most important issues of the system construction, which has direct on the efficiency and operation of the system.

In this paper, the Public Bicycle System of Xuchang was chosen as the example to study on the key problems of the planning of the city Public Bicycle System, such as public bicycle demand forecasting, rental point location planning and scale designing, etc. Combination with the engineering practice, the technology of the planning of the city public bicycle rental point location has been put forward. The specific content of the papers were as follows:

Firstly, a greatly number of practice situations and domestic and foreign literature of the Public Bicycle System rental point location were summered and analysis, which has laid the theoretical foundation for the rental point location of Xuchang.

Secondly, the operation status of Xuchang public bicycle system was analysis through the questionnaire and on-the-spot investigation method. The characteristics of pollution and the spatial and temporal distribution of the public bicycle trip has been detailed analysis. Evaluating the using satisfaction of the system on construction and operation, the main problems of the system has been pointed out.

Thirdly, Base on the survey results, the public bicycle choice behavior model was built used the MNL model, which is used to forecast the public bicycle travel demand and provide evidence for the rental point location of Xuchang.

Finally, Based on current situation and demand forecasting, the planning of the city public bicycle rental point location of Xuchang was solved. The general thinking is “division and classification, uniformity of rental point distribution, appropriate scale, the overall layout of flexible adjustment. Established a 0-1 integer programming lease point location model to select the rental point. The objective function is the minimum sites, the constraint condition is 90% covering rate and meet the demand forecasting. As for scale design, the method based on public bicycle turnover rate was put forward. In order to confirm the accuracy of optimization scheme, the evaluation model based on FAHP was built, and the results of assessment is excellent.

Keywords: Public Bicycle System; Rental; Demand forecasting; Location Planning; Scale Designing

目 录

摘要 Ⅰ

ABSTRACT Ⅲ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.1.2公共自行车系统介绍 1

1.1.3研究对象与范围 3

1.2国内外公共自行车系统实践情况 3

1.2.1公共自行车的发展历程 3

1.2.2国外公共自行车系统实践情况 4

1.2.3国内公共自行车系统实践情况 4

1.2.4公共自行车系统实践中存在问题 5

1.3公共自行车系统相关理论研究现状 5

1.3.1公共自行车使用特性研究 5

1.3.2公共自行车客流预测及规模确定研究 5

1.3.3公共自行车租赁点选址及空间布局方法研究 6

1.3.4研究现状评述 6

1.4研究方案 7

1.4.1研究思路 7

1.4.2数据来源 7

1.4.3技术路线 8

第二章 许昌市城市公共自行车系统分析 9

2.1发展现状 9

2.1.1城市概况 9

2.1.2许昌市公共自行车租赁系统简介 9

2.2公共自行车出行特性 10

2.2.1居民出行行为特征 10

2.2.2居民公共自行车出行行为特征 14

2.3公共自行车借还时空特性 18

2.3.1日均出行量 18

2.3.2公共自行车使用时间分布特性 19

2.3.3公共自行车使用空间特性 21

2.4现有公共自行车系统评价 24

2.4.1评价指标选取 24

2.4.2评价结果 24

2.4.3存在问题 25

2.5本章小结 25

第三章 公共自行车客流需求预测 26

3.1出行方式选择影响因素 26

3.1.1宏观因素 26

3.1.2微观因素 26

3.2基于交通方式选择的公共自行车客流需求预测模型 26

3.2.1多元Logit模型介绍 26

3.2.2模型建立 27

3.2.3模型求解 28

3.3客流需求预测结果 29

3.4本章小结 29

第四章 许昌市公共自行车租赁点空间布局设计 30

4.1设计原则与目标 30

4.1.1设计原则 30

4.1.2设计目标 30

4.2布局方法 30

4.2.1总体思路 30

4.2.2区块划分 31

4.2.3点位分类 31

4.3公共自行车租赁点选址方法 32

4.3.1站点密度 32

4.3.2 模型建立 32

4.3.3选址方案 33

4.3.4布局方案 37

4.4公共自行车规模设计 37

4.4.1自行车数量规模设计方法 37

4.4.2锁车柱数量规模设计方法 38

4.4.3租赁点规模设计案例 39

4.5公共自行车租赁点空间布局优化方案评价 39

4.5.1模糊层次分析法概述 39

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