城市资源禀赋对外商直接投资的影响研究

论文总字数：30176字

摘 要

资源禀赋是一个地区经济增长的基本保证。城市的资源禀赋对于城市经济结构转变，吸引外商直接投资有着不可或缺的影响。随着近年来我国逐步放宽外商资本的准入，加强吸引外资流入，促进技术升级和产业改革是当前经济发展的主要目标。外商直接投资可以通过促进就业、引进技术并且发生技术外溢等效应优化一个地区的资源配置效率，从而保证其经济增长。那么，城市资源禀赋对于引进外商直接投资有何显著效果？在我国经济不平衡发展以及资源禀赋和外商直接投资在地域分布上不对称的情况下，我们需要对外商直接投资的涌向因素有更深刻的研究。

文章首先从宏观层面对我国当前资源禀赋和外商直接投资的现状进行了观测。为了充分理解这两个指标的关系，本文在分析城市资源禀赋，外商投资规模和分布的基础上，以中国2000—2014年261个城市的面板数据为研究对象，利用计量回归的方法分析了城市资源禀赋对FDI的影响情况及变量间的数量关系。得到了如下几个主要结论：（1）在初步的数据观测上，目前我国城市的资源禀赋和外商直接投资状况存在较大的不平衡，且自然资源丰裕的地区其外商直接投资并非位于前列，反而是自然资源相对匮乏的地区吸引了大量外资；（2）计量回归的结果显示，城市资源禀赋对FDI有显著的正向影响关系，说明城市资源禀赋丰裕有利于吸引外资，本文结果表明，良好的基建和发达的经济产业是吸引FDI的重要因素。以上结论对中国吸引外商投资的政策有进一步的启示：（1）在劳动力优势逐渐弱化的情况下，我国城市应当完善基础设施建设，促进产业结构升级，建立起良好的投资环境，为外商资本腾出空间；（2）城市需要利用自然资源但不能依赖于自然资源，资源政策应当保证资源利用率的提高和资源效益的最大化。

和现有文献相比，本文的创新主要体现在从采掘业要素视角探讨资源禀赋影响城市吸引外商直接投资的理论逻辑，具体从采掘业从业人员与人口之比、基建水平、经济水平以及产业结构四个层面，剖析城市资源禀赋影响外商直接投资的传导机制，为城市促进产业转型，吸引外资提供理论支持和政策建议。其次是利用面板数据计量模型，实证检验城市外商投资水平与主要解释变量的非线性关系，并鉴别资源禀赋、基建水平、经济水平以及产业结构影响城市吸引外资的传导机制是否成立，最终丰富现有关于资源禀赋和外商直接投资问题研究的理论成果。

关键词：资源禀赋 外商直接投资 产业结构 投资环境

Abstract

Resource endowment is the basic guarantee of regional economic growth. Urban resource endowment has an indispensable impact on the transformation of urban economic structure and attracting FDI. In recent years, China has gradually relaxed the access of foreign capital, strengthened the attraction of foreign capital inflow, and promoted technological upgrading and industrial reform as the main objectives of current economic development. FDI can optimize the resource allocation efficiency of a region by promoting employment, introducing technology and technology spillover, so as to ensure its economic growth. Then, what is the significant effect of urban resource endowment on the introduction of FDI? Under the situation of unbalanced economic development and asymmetric distribution of resources endowment and FDI in China, we need to have a deeper study on the influx factors of FDI.

Firstly, the paper observes the current situation of resource endowment and FDI in China from macro level. In order to fully understand the relationship between these two indicators, based on the analysis of urban resource endowment, the scale and distribution of foreign investment, this paper takes the panel data of 261 cities in China from 2000 to 2014 as the research object, and uses the method of econometric regression to analyze the impact of urban resource endowment on FDI and the quantitative relationship between variables. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In the preliminary data observation, the resource endowment and FDI situation of cities in China are quite unbalanced at present, and the FDI of regions with abundant natural resources is not in the forefront, but the regions with relatively scarce natural resources attract a lot of foreign investment; (2) The results of econometric regression show that urban resource endowment has a significant positive impact on FDI, indicating that abundant urban resource endowment is conducive to attracting foreign investment. The results of this paper show that good infrastructure and developed economic industries are important factors in attracting FDI. The above conclusions have further implications for China's policy of attracting foreign investment: (1) With the weakening of labor force advantages, Chinese cities should improve infrastructure construction, promote industrial structure upgrading, establish a good investment environment, and make room for foreign capital; (2) Cities need to use natural resources but can not rely on natural resources, and resource policies should ensure the improvement of resource utilization rate and the maximization of resource efficiency.

Compared with the existing literature, the innovation of this paper is mainly embodied in discussing the theoretical logic of resource endowment influencing the attraction of FDI in cities from the perspective of extractive industry factors. Specifically, this paper analyses the transmission mechanism of urban resource endowment influencing FDI from the four aspects of the ratio of extractive industry employees to population, infrastructure level, economic level and industrial structure, so as to promote the industrial transformation of cities. To attract foreign investment and provide theoretical support and policy recommendations. Secondly, the panel data econometric model is used to empirically test the non-linear relationship between the level of foreign investment in cities and the main explanatory variables, and to identify whether the transmission mechanism of resource endowment, infrastructure level, economic level and industrial structure affecting the attraction of foreign investment in cities is tenable, which ultimately enriches the existing theoretical research results on resource endowment and FDI.

Key words: Resource endowment; FDI; Panel data; Investment environment

目 录

摘要 2

Abstract 3

第一章 引言 1

1.1研究背景和意义 1

1.2研究目标 1

1.3论文思路和框架 2

第二章 文献综述 2

2.1资源禀赋的定义 2

2.2影响FDI的因素研究 3

第三章 资源禀赋对外商直接投资的理论分析 4

3.1资源禀赋，FDI现状 5

3.2资源禀赋对外商直接投资的理论影响 8

4.1模型设定和变量选择 10

4.2数据说明和描述性统计 11

4.3计量方法 12

4.4回归结果 12

4.5稳健性检验 14

4.6小结 15

第五章 结论与启示 16

致 谢 17

参考文献 18

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