中国服务贸易逆差成因及其对策研究

论文总字数：24723字

摘 要

在当今世界，随着第三次科技革命的到来，世界范围内的服务贸易发展迅速，但各国服务贸易发展的情况却各不相同，总体来说，发达国家的服务贸易发展较快且比较平稳，而发展中国家服务贸易的发展比较滞后且不均匀。我国服务贸易随着世界服务贸易的发展亦步亦趋，并在我国对外经济贸易中所占地位和作用也越来越突出。但是，中国服务贸易一直处在发展中国家的水平，长期处于逆差状态，截止 2014 年底中国对外贸易发展迅速，但服务贸易所占比重较小，中国已成为世界第一服务贸易逆差国。随着中国服务贸易的规模的扩大，结构不断优化，品种不断增多，但中国服务贸易逆差现象却也越来越严重，长此以往，必会造成中国资本外流和外债增加，制约中国服务贸易的发展，进而阻碍中国经济的发展。根据WTO数据，1990年世界产业结构显示，第一产业占5%，第二产业占34%,第三产业占61%，到2009年这一比例为3%，28%，69%。而2009年发达国家第三产业比重为71%，中等收入国家为54%，低收入国家为49%。目前，主要发达国家服务贸易水平已经进入服务经济社会阶段，而中等发展收入国家也渐渐从完全工业为主社会向服务业为主的服务经济社会转变。

自2008年以来，虽然美国等发达国家在金融危机中经济发展受到重创，但以美国、欧盟为首的发达国家复苏速度较快，仍是世界上服务贸易强国，他们带来的服务贸易的竞争优势对中国未来发展服务贸易的发展具有重要的借鉴意义。近年来，我国国际收支仍然保持双顺差格局，截至2014年底，第三产业占GDP的比重由1978年的20%上升到48.1%，这不仅落后于全部发达国家，甚至还远远落后于一些中低收入国家。因此有必要切实深入地对中美、中欧、中日服务贸易逆差成因问题进行分析。本文以比较优势理论、竞争优势理论为理论支撑，分析世界主要国家服务业以及服务贸易的发展历程，从中汲取并总结出国外对于服务业和服务贸易发展的成功经验，更重要的是将国外的先进经验与中国先进服务贸易发展的现状及问题相结合，做到理论联系实际，并在此基础上提出改善中国服务贸易长期逆差问题的针对性的合理建议。

关键词：中国服务贸易；逆差；成因分析

China Service Trade Deficit Causes and Countermeasures

Abstract

Today, the service trade to promote economic development has become the development of various countries and regions of the world major trends, and the service trade of China"s foreign trade in the proportion is growing. However, since 2000, China"s service trade has been in deficit in the state, as of the end of 2013 China has become the world"s first service trade deficit countries. Although the scale of China"s service trade has expanded each year, but the phenomenon of China"s service trade deficit but also more and more serious in the long run, will make China an outflow of resources and increasing external debt, which would seriously affect China"s economic development. According to WTO data, in 1990 the world"s industrial structure shows that the primary industry accounted for 5%, secondary industry accounted for 34%, the tertiary industry accounted for 61%, by 2009 this ratio was 3%, 28%, 69%. The tertiary industry in 2009 accounted for 71% of the developed countries, middle-income countries was 54%, 49% low-income countries. This suggests that, due to the rapid development of world trade in services, a growing proportion of the service sector, has become the world"s main source of national wealth. Currently, the major developed countries the level of trade in services has entered the stage of economic and social services, while middle-income developing countries gradually dominated society to a service-based economy and society transition from full service industries.

Since 2008, although the United States and other developed countries in financial crisis, economic development has been hit hard, but the United States, the European Union, led by the developed countries is still powerful in the world trade in services, which the Chinese in terms of future trade development services is an important reference significance. In recent years, China"s international balance of payments surplus pattern remains double that by the end of 2014, the tertiary industry in GDP rose from 20 % in 1978 to 48.1%, which is not only lagging behind in all developed countries, and even behind some of the low income countries. Service trade deficit in China, where the deficit share of the largest share of China-US services trade deficit, and the trend in recent years, Sino-US services trade deficit widened significantly increased, making it necessary for the effective depth of Sino-US, EU, Japan service Deficit "analysis of the problem.

In this paper, the theory of comparative advantage, competitive advantage theory as the theoretical support of the development process analysis services, and major countries in the world trade in services, draw and summed up the successful experience of foreign trade in services for the development of the service sector and, more importantly, will abroad Status and Problems of China"s advanced experience and advanced service trade development combining theory with practice, and proposed on this basis to improve China service trade deficit with countries targeted reasonable proposals.

Keywords: China trade in services；Trade deficit；Cause analysis

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究意义 2

1.3 研究思路及内容 2

1.4 论文框架 3

第二章 文献综述 4

第三章 世界主要国家服务业与服务贸易发展现状及对我国的启示 7

3.1 美国服务贸易发展现状和特点 7

3.1.1 美国服务贸易发展现状 7

3.1.2 美国服务贸易发展特点 7

3.2 日本服务业发展现状、特点 8

3.2.1 日本服务业发展现状 8

3.2.2 日本服务贸易发展特点 8

3.3 欧盟服务业发展现状及特点 8

3.3.1 欧盟服务业发展现状 8

3.3.2 欧盟服务贸易发展特点 8

3.4 美、日、欧盟对我国服务贸易发展启示 9

3.4.1 坚持对外开放政策，鼓励服务型企业走出去 9

3.4.2 加强服务贸易立法与执法力度 9

3.4.3 坚持科技是第一生产力，培养服务型人才 9

3.4.4 统筹服务贸易与货物贸易协调发展 9

第四章 中国服务贸易逆差现状与成因分析 10

4.1 我国服务贸易发展现状及分析 10

4.1.1 我国服务贸易发展现状 10

4.1.2 我国服务贸易发展现状分析 10

4.2 影响服务贸易发展的成因分析 13

4.2.1 中国产业结构不合理 13

4.2.2 中国服务贸易与货物贸易协调性不完善 14

4.2.3 传统服务贸易重视程度不够，忽略高附加值新兴服务行业的快速增长 14

4.2.4 中国服务业工作人员素质不高，高素质人才缺乏 15

4.2.5 国际服务贸易壁垒林立，中国服务业政策支持力度不够 15

第五章 改善中国服务贸易逆差问题的对策 17

5.1 积极推动产业结构优化升级 17

5.1.1 树立既要重视重工业也要重视轻工业的思想观念 17

5.1.2 注重第三产业中的薄弱环节 17

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