大气污染治理绩效对我国居民健康的影响

 2022-04-26 10:04

论文总字数:31416字

摘 要

近年来,全国各省市社会经济快速发展,但是不合理地资源利用开发,工业企业等污染物排放过度导致我国空气污染状况严重,引起国家政府高度重视。经济发展与环境保护实则相互影响、相辅相成,目前我国经济增速放缓,强调高质量发展,满足居民美好幸福生活的要求成为经济可持续发展的重要组成部分。但是日益严峻的空气污染状况严重威胁居民的身心健康,尽管国家已出台系列大气污染防治法律法规应对空气污染,但由于地区发展水平不同,各省市、自治区、直辖市大气污染治理绩效存在差异。合理评价大气污染治理绩效并提供相关的政策建议,对为居民健康保驾护航、推进生态文明建设、保证我国经济社会可持续发展至关重要。

根据以上背景,本文以“大气污染治理绩效对我国居民健康的影响”为题,在梳理已有文献的基础上,整理归纳大气污染治理与居民健康相关的研究方法与内容,运用数据包络分析方法(DEA)构建指标体系测算2011—2017年我国30个省、自治区、直辖市大气污染治理绩效并进行区际比较分析,测算结果表明我国2011—2017年整体来看大气环境治理全要素生产率处于下降中,但是最近几年全要素生产率有所提升,且东中西部区域大气污染治理绩效存在差异,大气污染治理道阻且长。建立宏观健康生产函数模型,实证检验大气污染治理绩效对居民健康的影响。实证结果表明:大气污染治理绩效对居民死亡率存在显著的负向影响,污染治理绩效越高,居民健康状况越好;反之,治理绩效越差,居民健康状况越差。并且教育、医疗卫生条件、经济发展水平等因素对居民健康均有影响。此后本文依据测算结果与实证分析对通过大气污染治理提高居民健康水平提出了若干对策建议。

关键词:大气污染治理绩效,居民健康,DEA,健康生产函数

ABSTRACT

Recently, the economy of China has developed rapidly.However, unreasonable utilization of resources and excessive discharge of pollutants in industrial enterprises have led to serious air pollution, which has aroused attention of the government. Economic development and environmental protection interact each other. China's economic growth is slowing down. Emphasizing high-quality development and meeting requirements of residents play an important role of sustainable development. The situation seriously threatens the health of residents. The state has issued a series of laws to deal with air pollution. There are differences in the governance performance among different areas. Reasonable evaluation of governance performance and relevant policy recommendations are important to protect the health of residents, promote the construction of ecological civilization, and ensure the sustainable development of China's economy and society.

This paper takes "The Impact of Air Pollution Control Performance on the Health of Chinese Residents " as the theme and observes related research. By using the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA), this paper constructs the index system to measure governance performance from 2011 to 2017 and conducts comparative analysis. The results show that total factor productivity of air pollution control performance is in decline, but it has been improving recently. Moreover, there are differences in the governance performance in eastern and western regions. The air pollution control channels are blocked and long. The macroscopic health production function model was established to empirically test the impact of air pollution control performance on residents' health. The performance of air pollution control has a significant negative impact on the mortality rate of residents. Factors such as education, medical and health conditions and economic development level have an impact on residents' health. Based on the calculation results and empirical analysis, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions at last.

KEY WORDS: Air Pollution Control Performance, Residents’ Health, DEA, Health Production Function

目 录

摘要Ⅰ

ABSTRACTⅡ

第一章 绪论 2

1.1选题背景及研究意义2

1.2研究方法、技术路线2

1.3论文研究内容、文章结构3

第二章 文献综述 5

2.1关于大气污染对人体危害的研究5

2.2关于暴露于高浓度污染下的人群健康损失评估的研究6

2.3关于应用计量方法识别大气污染的健康效应的研究7

2.4研究评述8

第三章 大气污染治理对居民健康的影响机制分析 10

3.1我国大气环境质量的变化趋势10

3.2我国大气污染政策法规的变迁趋势12

3.3我国居民健康的现状13

3.4大气污染治理对居民健康的影响机制分析13

第四章 基于DEA的大气污染治理绩效测算与评价 15

4.1大气污染治理绩效指标体系的构建与数据来源15

4.1.1理论与方法 15

4.1.2指标选取与数据来源 16

4.2大气污染治理绩效测算结果与评价17

第五章 大气污染治理绩效对居民健康影响的实证研究 21

5.1大气污染治理绩效对居民健康影响的实证研究21

5.1.1理论来源与模型构建 21

5.1.2变量说明与指标选取 21

5.1.3模型方程的选择 23

5.2实证结果分析24

第六章 结论与对策建议 26

6.1结论 26

6.2通过大气污染治理提高居民健康水平的对策建议26

小结 30

参考文献31

致谢 34

第一章 绪论

1.1选题背景及研究意义

经济发展与环境保护两者之间是有机统一、相辅相成的。经济飞速发展不可避免地要开发利用有限的环境资源,工业企业等生产过程中排放污染物会对自然环境造成一定程度的损害;但是环境保护需要的人力资源、技术手段等又离不开经济发展的资金支持。

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