论文总字数:27892字
摘 要
众所周知,特许经营作为一种有一百年多年历史的企业组织形式,在今天和可预见的未来依旧拥有强大的生命力,国外学者对特许经营的理论研究相对全面,但多数并非只针对特许经营这一特殊的形式,所以很多情况下不能充分解释特许经营存在的合理性或必然性,而国内理论研究多根据问题给出相对概括性的建议,国外的实证研究相对于国内有更多的数据支撑,也更具有实际意义。中国经济依旧保持着中高速的增长,居民收入和消费水平也在不断攀升,作为消费升级的中坚力量——中产阶级也不断崛起,庞大的人口基数、巨大的市场规模,让我们对特许经营在中国未来的发展充满期待,作者这次从休闲食品中三家上市公司出发,对比它们的发展历程,从而找出特许经营体系一般的发展路径,进而发现三家公司绩效差距背后的原因——公司在自身发展的不同时期、面对不同市场环境下不同的企业策略选择差异,并且针对三家公司目前的自身情况和市场情况,分别提出三家公司未来企业策略选择的建议,再结合实证研究发现当前食品零售、餐饮行业特许经营体系发展特点。最后作者在将对三家公司的观察结论推广至其他特许经营体系的应用中,为现有或潜在的特许经营体系在“是否实施特许经营”和“加盟比例及扩张速度”等问题上提出指导方向,并提出互联网、新技术背景下特许经营体系可能的发展方向。
关键词:特许经营,企业策略,企业绩效
Abstract
As everyone knows, franchising, as a form of corporate organization with a history of more than one hundred years, still has a strong vitality today and in the foreseeable future. The theoretical research of foreign scholars is relatively comprehensive, but most of them are not only focused on franchising, in many cases, the rationality or inevitability of franchising cannot be fully explained, but domestic theoretical research often gives relatively general recommendations based on the issue. Empirical research abroad has more data and more practical significance than domestic ones. China’s economy continues to grow at a medium- and high-speed level, and residents’ income and consumption are also rising. As the backbone of consumption upgrades—— the middle class is also rising, the huge population base and huge market size allow us to manage franchising, the future of China’s development is full of expectations. The authors select three listed companies in snack foods and compared their development history to find out the development path of the franchising system, and then discovered the reason behind the performance gap between the three companies——The company faced the different stages of its own development had different corporate strategy choices in different market environments ,and according to the current situation and market conditions of the three companies, the three companies are proposed separately for future corporate strategy selection, combined with empirical research, it finds out the characteristics of the development of the franchise system in the current food retail and catering industry. Finally, in applying the observations of the three companies to other franchise systems, the authors provide guidance on the current or potential franchise system on issues such as “whether to implement franchising” and “franchising ratio and expansion speed” , and put forward the possible development direction of the franchise system under the background of the Internet and new technologies.
KEY WORDS: franchising, corporate strategy, corporate performance
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章 引 言 4
1.1 选题背景及意义 4
1.2 研究方法 4
1.3 结构安排 5
第二章 文献综述 6
2.1 国外研究 6
2.2 国内研究 8
第三章 自营还是加盟:以休闲食品行业为例 10
3.1 企业基本发展情况简述 10
3.2 企业历史数据对比研究 12
3.3 企业策略分析探讨 18
3.3.1 企业内部策略 18
3.3.2 企业外部策略 21
3.4 实证分析 24
3.4.1 模型构建 24
3.4.2 数据处理 24
3.4.3 实证结果分析 24
3.5 互联网、新技术背景下的展望 25
第四章 总 结 27
致谢 28
参考文献 29
附录 30
引 言
本章将对本课题做一个初始的引入,从特许经营的基本概念出发,介绍自营、特许加盟与企业策略研究的选题背景及意义,阐述本课题研究方法和研究的基本思路。
选题背景及意义
“特许经营”的理念于上世纪年代后期由学者、企业家引入国内,在众多知名的国外企业不断登陆中国市场并不断进行市场扩张的背景下,一些国内的特许经营企业也迅速成长。根据中国连锁经营协会2017年发布的数据我们可以计算出, 2016年中国特许经营100强企业的销售规模达3583亿元中超过70%份额来自加盟店。随着大众创业万众创新的口号的提出,中国特许经营行业迎来又一轮春天。如今中国特许经营的规模仍未出现发展减缓的趋势,中国拥有巨大的人口基数和市场规模、也是投资者以及国内外特许人、加盟商密切关注的市场之一。我国大部分特许加盟企业相对注重稳定发展,开始从单纯关注加盟店数量向用心建立核心竞争力的方向转变。我们通过百度指数也可以看出,在经济发达的环渤海、长三角和珠三角地区特许经营的关注度极高,小型便利店、健身、旅游型酒店等等也成为新的投资目标。
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