单片机综合实验系统设计

论文总字数：20884字

摘 要

现在随着时代的发展，科技的进步，我们越来越多的领域需要用到单片机，而单片机的研究需求也在大大地提高。我们很多领域都在研究，如航空航天，工业工厂，也有生活中的家用电器，仪器仪表。那么对于没有学习单片机经验的人来说，单片机究竟是什么呢？小小的芯片集成了计算机完整的系统，这就是单片机。那么一块小小的芯片就能够集成它的大部分性能，许多外围设备如实时时钟、定时器、通讯接口也可以集成。它还有一个很大的优点，它还集成了一个完整的计算机会需要的大部分部件。目前，大部分的单片机还会具有外存。如今，最强大的单片机系统甚至能够将各种复杂的输入输出系统集成在一块芯片。研究单片机并去开发对于我们学习计算机是很有必要的。

本次的单片机实验系统设计采用了MC51单片机中的STC单片机来设计实验系统并作深入研究, 一般的单片机系统会有功耗大，复杂等缺点，而STC单片机比一般的单片机开发的实验系统更加的节能高效，拥有很高的性价比。

此次实验主要在LY-51S开发板上进行研究，主要利用开发板应用并学习外接传感器。先根据理论学习集成电路以及各类芯片的基础应用知识，理解其原理与使用，能识别每个元器件并了解安装位置；然后再学习应用软件知识并学习如何让去设计电路原理图，例如数码管显示模块、键盘等基础接口电路的设计。然后在Keil C环境下，进行软件设计。流水灯设计、计数器、定时器、LCD字符显示、传感器接入等程序设计。最后针对开发板，结合器件的选择、原理图设计、硬件安装、软件编程调试。

此次实验主要完成了开发板上的基础应用比如数码管实验、实时时钟显示实验。也深入研究了温度传感器的原理和接入方式，这些实验虽然在完成过程中出现了问题，但通过了种种改良和调试，最终完成。当然本次实验也有不足的地方，51单片机作为入门单片机学习是很合适的，但是模块较少，扩展性比较小。胜在实验操作简易，系统节能。如果要深入到单片机领域，还要去学习其他的开发板。

关键词：STC单片机；性价比；节能；实验系统；程序设计；操作简易

The design of single chip microcomputer experiment system

Abstract

Single chip computer is a complete computer system integrated in a chip. Although most of his performance is integrated in a small chip, and most of them still have external memory at present, it has most of the components needed for a complete computer: CPU, memory, internal and external bus systems. Meanwhile, peripheral devices such as real-time clock, timer and communication interface are integrated. Now the most powerful single-chip system can even integrate sound, image, network and complex I / O system into one chip. The application of single-chip microcomputer has already penetrated into various fields, not only in the traditional instruments, household appliances and other widely used. Even in aerospace, industrial plants and other places are also playing an important role. It is necessary for us to study and use single chip microcomputer.

This design uses STC single-chip microcomputer in MC51 single-chip microcomputer to design the experimental system and make in-depth research. STC single-chip microcomputer is more energy-saving and efficient than the experimental system developed by general single-chip microcomputer, with high cost performance. This experiment is mainly carried out on ly-51s development board, mainly using the development board to apply and learn external sensors. First, learn the basic application knowledge of integrated circuit and various chips according to the theory, understand its principle and use, be able to identify each component and understand the installation position; then design the schematic diagram of the circuit, mainly including the design of display module, serial communication module, digital tube display module, LED keyboard and other basic interface circuits. In keil c environment, the software is designed. It mainly includes flow lamp, counter, timer.

This experiment mainly completed the basic application of the development board, such as the digital tube experiment, real-time clock display experiment. The principle and access mode of the temperature sensor are also studied in depth. Although there are some problems in the process of completing these experiments, they are finally completed through various improvements and debugging. Of course, there are some shortcomings in this experiment. 51 single chip microcomputer is suitable for learning as an entry-level single chip microcomputer, but it has fewer modules and less expansibility. It is easy to operate and energy-saving. If we want to go deep into the field of SCM, we need to learn other development boards. chip microcomputer refers to a complete computer system integrated on one chip. Although most of his functions are integrated in a small chip, it has most of the components needed for a complete computer: CPU, memory, internal and external bus systems, and most of them still have external memory at present. At the same time, it integrates peripheral devices such as communication interface, timer, real-time clock, etc. Now the most powerful single-chip system can even integrate sound, image, network and complex I / O system into one chip. This design uses STC single-chip microcomputer in MC51 single-chip microcomputer to design the experimental system and make in-depth research. STC single-chip microcomputer is more energy-saving and efficient than the experimental system developed by general single-chip microcomputer, with high cost performance.

Key words: STC microcontroller; cost performance; energy saving; experimental system; program design; simple operation

目录

第一章 引言 1

1.1 课题的背景与意义 1

1.2 研究主题和现状 1

1.3 工作内容 1

1.4 论文结构 2

第二章 相关技术基础 3

2.1元器件学习 3

2.2原理图设计 3

2.3 硬件设计 3

2.4 软件设计 3

2.5 开发板实验 3

第三章 需求分析 4

3.1 开发板整体分析 4

图3-1为开发板整体图： 4

3.1.1开发板原件位置图 4

3.1.2整体仿真电路图 5

3.2 设计内容 5

3.3设计要求 5

3.4设计步骤 5

3.5 本章小结 6

第四章 硬件电路设计 7

4.1 矩阵键盘 7

4.2 8位发光二极管电路 7

4.3 LED点阵屏简介 9

4.4电阻介绍 10

4.4.1 光敏电阻 10

4.4.2 热敏电阻 10

4.5 12864液晶引脚介绍 11

4.6 红外收发 13

4.6.1硬件原理和连接 13

4.6.2 火焰传感器 13

4.7 18B20温度传感器 14

4.8本章小结 15

第五章 软件设计与实现 16

5.1数码管实验 16

5.1.1 数码管左移 16

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