论文总字数：24181字

摘 要

由于汽车的结构性，驾驶人的生理特征等原因，使得在汽车行驶过程中存在着较大的视野盲区，为更好的减少驾驶员由于盲区所造成的安全隐患，本文研究和设计的汽车超声波防撞报警系统，从理论上来说可以实现在任何环境，任何速度的情况下都能正确的识别距离并且可以实现防撞并发出报警，从实践上来说，本系统对于减少信号等待或停车时发生碰撞、划伤或碰撞等事故都具有一定的现实意义。本文详明地开发了一种设计方式是关于基于单片机汽车超声波防撞系统的详细说明，该系统关键是由单片机系统控制模块、超声波测距系统模块以及LCD显示和报警系统模块等组成，利用STC89C52单片机控制超声波模块HC-SR04发射和接收信号，并把计算得出的间距的距离值实时的显示在LCD1602模块上面，并利用DS18B20温度补偿模块来提高测量精度，并使用蜂鸣器报警，实现了提醒驾驶员在低于安全距离时采取紧急制动措施的功能。运用Proteus作为仿真平台来实现硬件仿真，利用C语言来编程，并采用Keil软件编译调试，最终实现软件硬件联合调试，采用Altium绘制原理图及PCB图，并制作出了实物，并且通过了实验的验证，本系统安全可靠且稳定。本文从系统方案及原理、硬件电路设计、系统软件设计、硬件和软件联调仿真等方面作了详细的介绍。

关键词：超声波防撞；STC89C52；测距；报警

Ultrasonic anti-collision system based on single chip microcomputer

Abstract

Due to the structure of the car, the physiological characteristics of the driver, etc., there is a large blind spot during the driving process of the car. The anti-collision alarm system can theoretically realize the correct distance recognition in any environment and at any speed, and can achieve anti-collision and send out alarms. In practice, this system is designed to reduce signal waiting or stop Accidents such as collisions, scratches, or collisions have certain practical significance. This article has developed a design method in detail about the detailed description of the automotive ultrasonic anti-collision system based on single chip microcomputer. The key of this system is composed of the single chip microcomputer system control module, ultrasonic ranging system module and LCD display and alarm system module. Control the ultrasonic module HC-SR04 to transmit and receive signals, and display the calculated distance value on the LCD1602 module in real time, and use the DS18B20 temperature compensation module to improve the measurement accuracy, and use the buzzer to alarm to realize the reminder The driver takes emergency braking measures when it is below a safe distance. Use Proteus as a simulation platform to realize hardware simulation, use C language to program, and use Keil software to compile and debug, and finally realize software and hardware joint debugging, use Altium to draw schematic diagrams and PCB diagrams, and produce physical objects, and pass the experimental Verify that the system is safe, reliable and stable. This article makes a detailed introduction from the aspects of system scheme and principle, hardware circuit design, system software design, hardware and software joint debugging simulation and so on.

Keywords: Ultrasonic anti-collision;STC89C52;Ranging;Alarm

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第1章 引言 1

1.1 背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 本文工作及意义 2

1.4 本文章节组织 2

第2章 系统方案设计论述 4

2.1 设计简述 4

2.2 系统方案 4

2.3 系统组成及原理 5

第3章 超声波防撞系统硬件设计 6

3.1 超声波模块 6

3.1.1 超声波传感器原理 6

3.1.2 超声波模块HC-SR04工作原理 7

3.2 单片机最小系统 8

3.2.1 复位电路 9

3.2.2 晶振电路 9

3.3 温度补偿电路 10

3.4 其它主要模块 10

3.4.1 驱动显示模块 10

3.4.2 声音报警模块 11

3.4.3 控制模块 11

3.4.4 电源模块 12

第4章 软件设计 13

4.1 主程序流程设计 13

4.2 子程序结构分析 15

4.2.1 测距子程序 15

4.2.2 显示子程序 15

4.2.3 温度补偿子程序 16

4.2.4 报警子程序 17

第5章 系统软硬件调试 18

第6章 实物制作与调试 20

结论 21

致谢 22

参考文献 23

附录 24

1 电路原理图 24

2 电路仿真图 25

3 PCB图 26

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