二氧化钛及其复合材料的污染物催化降解研究

论文总字数：28098字

摘 要

本文首先通过控制实验条件制备了粒径均一的金纳米棒，并通过二(乙酰丙酮基)钛酸二异丙酯在异丙醇中的水解反应制备了无定形二氧化钛。另外，在二(乙酰丙酮基)钛酸二异丙酯的水解反应中加入表面有羟丙基纤维素的金纳米棒实现了金纳米棒与二氧化钛的复合。随后使用二氧化钛和金纳米棒/二氧化钛复合材料作为催化剂进行了对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解实验，实验中二氧化钛对亚甲基蓝表现出很强的吸附性，排除吸附影响后进行的光催化实验没有得到预期的结果，复合方式还有待改进。接着对二氧化钛的吸附性进行了深入研究，选取亚甲基蓝、孔雀石绿、罗丹明B、刚果红四种染料作为观察对象，并以P25作对照，实验发现无定形二氧化钛只对碱性染料有吸附作用，而P25则只吸附酸性染料，由此推测吸附现象与分子或离子的电性有关，于是对无定形二氧化钛和P25进行电位测试，结果表明所制备的无定形二氧化钛表现为负电，而P25表现为正电，与猜想相符。此外，无定形二氧化钛在中性条件下电位为负，酸性条件下电位为正，故选取甲基橙染料分别在中性和酸性条件下使用无定形二氧化钛做了吸附验证实验，发现中性条件下无吸附，酸性条件下有吸附，进一步证明猜想的正确性，制备的无定形二氧化钛表现出对碱性染料的强吸附能力主要来自于静电吸附作用。

关键词：金纳米棒，二氧化钛，复合材料，光催化，吸附

ABSTRACT

In this paper, gold nanorods with uniform particle size were prepared by controlling experimental conditions, and amorphous titanium dioxide was prepared by hydrolysis of diisopropyl (acetylacetonate) titanate in isopropanol. In addition, gold nanorods with hydroxypropylcellulose on the surface were added to the hydrolysis reaction of diisopropyl (acetylacetonate) titanate to achieve the combination of gold nanorods and titanium dioxide. Subsequently, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was carried out using titanium dioxide and gold nanorod/titanium dioxide composite as catalyst, respectively. In the experiment, titanium dioxide showed strong adsorption to methylene blue, and the photocatalytic experiments carried out after removing the adsorption effect did not give the expected results. The approach of combination still needs improvement. Then the adsorption of titanium dioxide was studied in depth. The four dyes, methylene blue, malachite green, rhodamine B and Congo red were selected as observation objects, and P25 was used as a control experiment. It was found that amorphous titanium dioxide only adsorbed basic dye and P25 only adsorbed acid dye, which was presumed to be related to the electrical properties of molecules or ions, so the zeta potential measurements were performed on amorphous titanium dioxide and P25. The results showed that the prepared amorphous titanium dioxide exhibited negative electricity, while P25 exhibited positive electricity, which was consistent with the conjecture. In addition, amorphous titanium dioxide had a negative potential under neutral conditions and a positive potential under acidic conditions. Therefore, methyl orange dye was selected for the adsorption verification experiment under neutral and acidic conditions using amorphous titanium dioxide. It was found that there was no adsorption under neutral conditions while there was adsorption under acidic conditions, which further proved that the guess was correct. The strong adsorption to basic dyes the prepared amorphous titanium dioxide exhibited was mainly due to electrostatic adsorption.

Keywords: gold nanorods, titanium dioxide, composite material, photocatalysis, adsorption

目 录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 染料污水处理方法 1

1.3 TiO2半导体材料的基本性质 2

1.3.1 TiO2结构与性能 2

1.3.2 TiO2光催化反应 3

1.3.3 TiO2光催化材料的问题及解决方案 4

1.4 本文主要研究内容 6

第二章 金纳米棒/二氧化钛复合材料的光催化性能研究 7

2.1 实验试剂与仪器 7

2.2 实验一 7

2.2.1 金纳米棒制备 7

2.2.2 二氧化钛制备 7

2.2.3 金纳米棒/二氧化钛复合 8

2.2.4 材料表征 8

2.2.4 实验结果与讨论 9

2.3 实验二 10

2.3.1 光催化实验 10

2.3.2 实验结果与讨论 10

2.4 总结 14

第三章 二氧化钛吸附性能研究 15

3.1 实验试剂与仪器 15

3.2 实验步骤 15

3.2.1 二氧化钛的制备 15

3.2.2 吸附性测试 15

3.3 实验结果与讨论 15

3.3.1 对比实验结果 15

3.3.2 结果分析 22

3.3.3 猜想的实验验证与讨论 23

第四章 总结与展望………………………………………………………………………………26

致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………………27

参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………………28

第一章 绪论

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