论文总字数：37676字

摘 要

　目前国内对于护士排班问题的研究已经有一些成果和进展， 但这些成果大都集中在基于某种排班模式的排班算法及优化算法上，而针对各排班模式的探讨和对比，仍缺乏相关的研究。随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高，大众对医院护理工作的要求也必然随之提高，因此，有效利用护士资源、提高护士工作积极性变得越来越重要，而合理的人力资源安排，不仅反映在排班算法上，也与排班模式紧密相关，排班模式的选择对护理质量有着重要的影响。本课题旨在通过对国内常见的四种排班模式的分析和对比，研究其各自的使用条件、范围、优势以及劣势，为医院选择符合自身实际需求的排班模式提供参考和理论依据。

本文首先介绍了中国不同医院主要采用的四种排班模式，即 APN连续排班、ABC排班模式、12h工作制排班制和弹性排班制，之后对每种排班模式建立数学模型，建立了算法的基本规则，并进一步采用C 对四种问题模型编写了基于基本规则的排班算法，最后设计了合适的算例对算法进行检验，得出符合约束的解，最后对不同调度方法产生的排班表进行分析和对比，给出了各排班模式各自的特点和优劣。

关键词：APN连续排班；ABC排班模式；12h排班制；弹性排班制；护理调度

A Research on Different Nurse Rostering Methods

By Yanhui Li

Supervised by Hui Sun

Abstract： Nurse rostering belongs to employee rostering or personnel scheduling problem. It’s an NP-hard combinational problem which makes it an extremely difficult to solve. In recent years, it has drew the attention of scholars and researchers all over the world because of its complication.

For the time being, researchs on the nurse rostering problem in our country does make a process. However, most of these research results focus on the scheduling algorithms or optimizing approaches based on some kind of scheduling method. There are few researchs about the differences among nurse rostering methods on the contrary. As everyone knows, our country is short in nursing resources. As a consequence, improving the quality of care and the efficiency of utilizing nursing resources is more and more important. All these things are relevant to the scheduling algorithms as well as nurse scheduling methods. We discuss and compare four common different nurse scheduling methods in this paper, aiming at obtaining the advantages and disadvantages of different nurse scheduling methods so that we can provide the hospital a theoretical guidance and reference in choosing the scheduling methods.

Aiming at the actual situation of ICU in our country, this paper introduces four nurse scheduling methods firstly which are widely adopted by most hospitals. They are APN scheduling method, ABC scheduling method, 12h method and self-scheduling method. The researching process can be devided into three parts. First of all, it developed four mathematic models of the nurse scheduling methods. Then it adopts an algorithm based on basic rules to solve these models. At last, it designs different size of calculation examples to make a test. After all these works, it gives a guidance book according to the test results.

In conclusion, the research has good practical significance.

Key words: APN scheduling method；ABC scheduling method；12h scheduling method；self-scheduling method; nurse rostering

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 III

1、绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2研究背景与意义 1

1.2.1研究背景 1

1.2.2研究意义 1

1.3国内外研究现状 2

1.4研究内容与组织结构 3

1.4.1研究内容 3

1.4.2文章组织结构 3

2、护理调度问题建模 5

2.1 护理调度问题 5

2.1.1 APN排班制护理调度问题 5

2.1.2 ABC排班制护理调度问题 6

2.1.3 12h排班制护理调度问题 6

2.1.4 弹性排班制护理调度问题 7

2.2 数学模型 8

2.2.1 参数定义 9

2.2.2 APN排班制 10

2.2.3 ABC排班制 10

2.2.4 12h排班制 11

2.2.5 弹性排班制 12

2.3 本章小结 14

3 基于基本规则的调度方法研究 15

3.1 APN排班制 15

3.1.1 规则思想 15

3.1.2 算法伪代码 15

3.1.3 算法流程 16

3.2 ABC排班制 17

3.2.1 规则思想 17

3.2.2 算法伪代码 17

3.2.3 算法流程 18

3.3 12h排班制 19

3.3.1 规则思想 19

3.3.2 算法伪代码 19

3.3.3 算法流程 20

3.4 弹性排班制 21

3.4.1 规则思想 21

3.4.2 算法伪代码 21

3.4.3 算法流程 22

3.5 本章小结 23

4 算例验证与结果分析 25

4.1 算例 25

4.2 不同排班模式运行结果 25

4.3 结果分析 28

5 总结与展望 36

5.1 总结 36

5.2 不足与展望 36

致 谢 37

参考文献 38

附录 40

ICU 病房护理调度方法分析研究

1、绪论

1.1引言

护理调度（Nurse scheduling）是指在现有护士资源的基础上，按照护理工作的任务、内容、程序、人力和时间等影响因素通盘考虑，编制出系统、科学的护士排班方案，旨在降低医院人力资源运营成本，同时有效减轻护士的工作压力、提高其工作效率和质量，它是人员调度问题（staff scheduling and rostering）中的热点问题，也是经典的运筹学问题。

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