人字门船闸启闭机机构与结构设计

论文总字数：27393字

摘 要

我国的华东地区和华南多地拥有丰富的水力资源，同时，许多的大，中型城市坐落于长江两岸以及运河旁边，在西南方向也有举不胜举的河流，这就为水上交通事业提供了天然的资源。随着经济的发展速度越来越快，有关通航类的设施也在不断增加，其中，船闸（ship lock）的高效性，安全性是保障水上交通效率的重要部分。

闸门是每个船闸最核心的部位，它的优劣性决定了船闸的效率。同时在和阀门（the valve）、启闭机（headstock gear）、输水系统的共同作用下，船只可以顺利通过水上设施。其中启闭机的作用是控制闸门在工作运行时能快速开启或关闭，对通航设施的安全性有着举足轻重的作用，通常每个闸门侧面的空腔闸墙内放入启闭机。

船闸的有许多种形式，国内针对不同地域，不同水上交通规模，采用不同的形式，有像葛洲坝三号船闸的人字门（miter gate），邵伯船闸的横拉门（Horizontal sliding door），但人字门式船闸在我国占主要地位。人字门船闸的形状是在闸门关闭状态时两扇门互相依靠形成了“∧”，横拉门的运动是水平运动，形成“-”形状。启闭机的类型按照传动形式主要有机械传动和液压传动两种，对于人字门的传动形式来说以液压传动和机械传动混合最为常见。

本课题通过查找运河船闸人字门的工况特点以及国家对于和启闭机的设计要求，在综合分析现有我国大型启闭机的特点，构建人字门启闭的实现方案，完成启闭机的设计与关键零件的承载能力分析。

本课题的主要工作有：

⑴收集、阅读相关文献资料，掌握运河船闸人字门的工况特点和启闭机的设计规范，了解启闭过程中的载荷特性；

⑵在综合分析现有启闭机类型特点的基础上，以运行平稳可靠、体积小、造价低等为目标，确定驱动方式，构建人字门启闭的实现方案；

⑶完成启闭机的总体设计、传动机构设计和机械结构设计，绘制三维和二维装配图与零件图；

⑷对启闭机工作过程进行运动情况分析和承载能力分析；

⑸通过有限元法分析对重要部件在受力情况下的安全性校核。

启闭机的驱动是直接依靠电机驱动，同时保证启闭机内部结构精密、外形精炼，结构设计和材料选用环保清洁。

关键词：人字门；启闭机；传动机构；承载能力

Design of mechanism and structure of miter gate lock hoist

Abstract

China's eastern and southern China are rich in water resources. At the same time, many large and medium-sized cities are located on both sides of the Yangtze river and beside canals, and there are countless rivers in the southwest, which provide natural resources for water transportation. With the rapid development of economy, the related navigation facilities are also increasing, among which the high efficiency and safety of ship lock is an important part of ensuring the efficiency of water traffic.

The gate is the core part of each ship lock, and its advantages and disadvantages determine the efficiency of the ship lock. At the same time, with the valve, the headstock gear and the water delivery system, the vessel can pass through the water facilities smoothly. The function of the hoist is to control the gate to open or close quickly during the working operation, which plays an important role in the safety of the navigation facilities. Usually, the hoist is placed in the cavity gate wall on the side of each gate.

There are many types of ship locks. The country has different forms for different regions and different water transportation scales. There are miter gates like Gezhouba No. 3 ship lock and horizontal sliding door of Shaobo ship locks. However, the herringbone gate lock is dominant in China. The shape of the herringbone gate is that when the gate is closed, the two doors are mutually dependent to form a "∧", and the movement of the horizontal sliding door is horizontal, forming a "-" shape. The type of hoist mainly has two kinds of mechanical transmission and hydraulic transmission according to the transmission form. For the transmission form of the herringbone door, the hydraulic transmission and the mechanical transmission are the most common.

Based on the comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the working conditions of the miter gate of the canal lock and the design specifications of the hoist, this paper constructs the implementation scheme of the miter gate and completes the design of the hoist and the analysis of the carrying capacity of key parts.

The main tasks of this project are:

⑴Collect and read relevant literature and materials, master the working condition characteristics of miter gate of canal lock and the design specifications of hoist, and understand the load characteristics in the opening and closing process;

⑵ Based on the comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the existing hoist types, this paper determines the driving mode and constructs the implementation scheme of the miter gate opening and closing with the goal of stable and reliable operation, small occupation space and low cost.

⑶ Complete the overall design of the hoist, transmission mechanism design and mechanical structure design, draw three-dimensional and two-dimensional assembly drawings and parts drawings;

⑷ Perform motion analysis and load capacity analysis on the working process of the hoist;

⑸ The finite element method is used to analyze the safety of important components under stress.

The drive of the hoist is directly driven by the motor, while ensuring the internal structure of the hoist is precise, the shape is refined, and the structural design and material selection are environmentally friendly and clean.

Keywords：Herringbone door；Hoist；Transmission mechanism；Bearing capacit

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引 言 1

1.1 课题背景及意义 1

1.2 船闸设计概况 3

1.2.1 国内著名水坝闸门调研报告 3

1.2.2 国外先进启闭机在江苏省的使用 10

1.3 本文工作计划 11

第二章 船闸传动系统的设计 12

2.1 人字门船闸的使用工况^[8] 12

2.2 启闭机的常用传动类型 15

2.3 传动方案的确定 17

第三章 总体尺寸的确定 19

3.1 载荷的粗略计算 20

3.2 电机与运动速度的确定 21

3.3销轴尺寸的确定 22

3.4 拉杆直径的确定 22

3.4.1 拉杆的稳定性校核 22

3.4.2 拉杆的弯扭校核 23

3.5 滚珠丝杠的选择和校核 23

3.5.1 确定滚珠丝杠的导程 24

3.5.2 确定额定预期载荷 24

3.5.3 确定允许的最小螺纹底径 24

3.6 轴承的选择和校核 25

3.6.1 轴承的初步选择 25

3.6.2 轴承的校核计算 25

3.6.3 轴承的寿命计算 26

3.7 减速器的选择 26

3.8 联轴器的选择 27

3.9 球头副的选择 27

第四章 非标准件的设计 28

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