数控车床Z轴传动部件设计

论文总字数：14466字

摘 要

数控车床上Z轴驱动部件是机床在数控加工的时候用刀具做Z方向运动。Z轴驱动的伺服进给系统使用自动控制主要体现在进给运动的速度和其工件的位置,它的零件主要是:Z轴滚珠丝杠、轴承座、轴承、隔套、直线滚动导轨副、锁紧螺帽、联轴器、联接涨套、法兰、限位挡块等。这个部件的品质会对工件的加工质量和切削生产率产生一定的影响,是造成经济指标和机床性能不同的一大原因。Z轴进给系统是主要的研究方向。数控铣床为数控机床中的经典机床，其对国家机械业的发展起了至关重要的作用，它的加工精度也体现了我国的机械业发达水平。进给部件的算术与采用是Z轴进给系统的主要包含内容。滚丝杠螺母副是进给部件的优先选择，它的优点有着摩擦损失小、传动效率高、运动稳定、摩擦力小、灵敏度较高、低速时不爬行，而且其特点包含轴向的刚度高、反向定位精度高精度稳定性佳、低磨损、长寿命、维护便捷、传动含有可逆性，使数控机床的精确传动有了保证，也使它的加工精确度变的更高。

关键词：数控车床；Z轴传动部件；Z轴进給系统，Z轴滚珠丝杠

Design of z-axis drive unit on CNC lathe

Abstract

The z-axis drive part of CNC lathe is the tool to do Z-direction movement when CNC machining. The servo feed system driven by z-axis uses automatic control, which is mainly reflected in the speed of feed movement and the position of workpiece. Its parts are mainly: z-axis ball screw, bearing seat, bearing, spacer, linear rolling guide pair, locking nut, coupling, connecting sleeve, flange, limit block, etc. The quality of this part will have a certain impact on the processing quality and cutting productivity of the workpiece, which is a major reason for the different economic indicators and machine performance. Z-axis feed system is the main research direction. CNC milling machine is one of the classic CNC machine tools, which plays an important role in the development of national machinery industry. Its machining accuracy also reflects the developed level of China's machinery industry. Arithmetic and adoption of feeding parts are the main contents of z-axis feeding system. The rolling screw nut pair is the preferred choice of feeding parts. It has the advantages of small friction loss, high transmission efficiency, stable motion, small friction, high sensitivity, and no crawling at low speed. Moreover, it has the characteristics of high axial stiffness, high reverse positioning accuracy, good precision and stability, low wear, long service life, convenient maintenance, and reversibility of transmission, So that the precise transmission of CNC machine tools have been guaranteed, but also make its machining accuracy become higher.

Key words: CNC lathe; z-axis drive parts; z-axis feed system, z-axis ball screw

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 数控车床 1

1.1.1 数控车床的简介 1

1.1.2数控的加工过程 1

1.1.3数控车床的分类 1

1.1.5 数控车床的用途和工艺特点 2

1.2我国的数控产业 4

1.2.1我国数控产业的现状 4

1.2.2数控产业发展面临的困难 4

1.2.3数控产业的发展趋势 5

第二章 Z轴传动系统的设计 6

2.1轴的惯量的计算 6

2.2Z向滚珠丝杠预拉伸量的计算 7

2.3Z向轴承寿命计算 7

2.3.1额定寿命计算 8

2.3.2修正额定寿命计算 8

第三章 主要零件成本分析及成本计算 10

3.1成本计算主要方法 10

3.1.1滚珠丝杠的成本计算 10

3.1.2箱体的成本计算 10

结论 12

致谢 13

参考文献(Reference) 14

第一章 绪论

1.1 数控车床

1.1.1 数控车床的简介

数控车床作为当今时代利用比较广泛的数控车床。其主要用处在于盘和轴的类型零件之上，往往我们会在圆柱、圆锥面、圆锥的螺纹等进行其加工切削，甚至有复杂的回转。

CNC机床按照预先键入的程序执行加工，并自发加工加工过的零件。加工CNC刀片的轨迹，辅助工作能力，钻削数据信息及其偏移量，以及由其指定的编码命令和文件格式程序选择CNC机床。每个人都经常选择该零件的加工工艺线，加工工艺的主要参数，进入处理程序列表。然后它将程序清单的内容记录在其受控物质上，并进入机床的数控机床设备。[1]

1.1.2数控的加工过程

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