焊接件替代铸造件在机床设计中的应用研究

论文总字数：22510字

摘 要

关键词：有限元分析；焊接件；铸造件；龙门加工中心

Application of Using Weld Assembly to Replace Casting Parts in Machine Tool Design

02011112 Wen Mengmeng

Supervised by Lu Xi

Abstract：This paper compared the difference of the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool with weld assembly and casting parts,and made several practical conclusions and recommendations about the replacement of casting parts with weld assembly in machine tool design by using finite element analysis of five-axis gantry machining centers.The analysis process of this paper was firstly making statical and modal analysis of weld assembly slide plate and casting parts slide plate, and comparing the difference of the statical and dynamic characteristics of slide plate in both cases.Then this paper made statical and modal analysis of whole machine with weld assembly slide plate and casting parts slide plate and compared the difference of the statical and dynamic characteristics of whole machine in both cases. By comparing the results of a comprehensive analysis of advantages and disadvantages in both cases,we can draw a conclusion whether there was the need to replace casting parts slide plate by weld assembly slide plate or not. Currently, the study of gantry machine are mainly concentrated on beams, columns, bed and other components, and improved the overall performance of the machine by optimizing the structure of the components. The subject of the paper is the slide plate, the connector of beams and columns, whose performance would lead to the the whole machining process and the quality of products.Therefore, the study on improving the performance of slide plate has a great significance.The starting point of this paper is the advantages of weld assembly compared with casting parts, such as the elastic modulus and the mechanical properties of carbon steel which was used in weld assembly was higher than that of cast iron which was used in casting parts,weld assembly was lighter and had a shorter production cycle.

Key words: finite element；weld assembly；casting parts；the Gantry machining center

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract. II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.1.1研究背景 1

1.1.2研究意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状、水平和发展趋势 2

1.3本文研究的主要内容 3

第二章 焊接件与铸造件的性能特点 4

2.1焊接件与铸造件的特性对比 4

2.2焊接变形的原因及控制方法 4

2.2.1大型结构件焊接变形的种类 4

2.2.2焊接变形的原因 5

2.2.3焊接变形控制方法 5

2.3小结 6

第三章 机床模型的建立 7

3.1机床CAD模型的建立 7

3.1.1机床的主要结构 7

3.1.2龙门加工中心CAD模型的建立 7

3.2龙门加工中心有限元模型的建立 8

3.2.1机床网格划分的原则 8

3.2.2机床有限元模型的建立 9

3.3小结 11

第四章 机床部件的有限元分析 12

4.1有限元方法简介 12

4.2溜板的静力分析 12

4.2.1铸造溜板的静力分析 12

4.2.2焊接溜板的静力分析 13

4.3溜板的模态分析 14

4.3.1铸造溜板的模态分析 14

4.3.2焊接溜板的模态分析 18

4.4焊接溜板自由模态试验 21

4.4.1试验目的 21

4.4.2实验原理 21

4.4.3试验步骤 22

4.4.4测试结果及数据分析 23

4.4.5实验结论 30

4.5小结 30

第五章 机床整机的有限元分析 31

5.1机床整机的静力学分析 31

5.1.1铸造溜板整机的静力学分析 31

5.1.2焊接溜板整机的静力学分析 33

5.2机床整机的模态分析 35

5.2.1铸造溜板整机的模态分析 35

5.2.2焊接溜板整机的模态分析 39

5.3小结 42

第六章 总结与展望 43

6.1机床静力学与模态分析数据结果的对比与分析 43

6.1.1铸造溜板与焊接溜板静力学分析结果的对比与分析 43

6.1.2铸造溜板与焊接溜板模态分析结果的对比与分析 43

6.1.3铸造溜板整机与焊接溜板整机静力学分析结果的对比与分析 43

6.1.4铸造溜板整机与焊接溜板整机模态分析结果的对比与分析 43

6.2总结与展望 44

致 谢 45

参考文献 47

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景及意义

1.1.1研究背景

上个世纪初，欧美国家的机床已经开始向着专用化、自动化、大型化和精密化的方向发展。机床的这种发展趋势，一方面引起了人们对机床刚度重要性的认识，另一方面也暴露出了铸件越大，铸造质量越难控制，不利于大型和重型机床的发展，以及铸造生产工序多、生产周期长、不适应于机床新品种的发展等局限性。所以，钢板焊接结构在机床上的出现，是人们寻求提高机床刚度和弥补铸造结构局限性努力的结果。但是，直至第二次世界大战期间，焊接结构在批量生产的机床上才获得应用。

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