摊铺机关键零部件的可靠性分析与设计

 2022-01-26 10:53:57

论文总字数:28756字

摘 要

本文首先通过有限元分析软件ANSYS对梅花联轴器和螺旋分料器进行静强度校核以及模态分析,接着运用疲劳分析软件Fe-safe对两者进行寿命分析,最后对部件进行结构优化,提高其可靠性。在研究过程中得到以下结论:

  1. 联轴器和螺旋分料器的最大应力均小于其材料的屈服强度,不会发生静强度失效。
  2. 联轴器和螺旋分料器的第一阶固有频率均大于激励频率,故不会发生共振。
  3. 联轴器的弹性体由于长期受到爪盘交变的接触应力作用,容易发生疲劳失效,也是联轴器失效的主要原因;螺旋分料器的叶片根部应力比较集中,在沥青混合料的长期作用力下,容易发生疲劳失效。
  4. 联轴器的弹性体为10个叶瓣时,变形程度比较小,且应力分布较为均匀,有利于提高联轴器的可靠性;螺旋分料器的叶片厚度为22mm时,经济耐用,且应力变形比较小。

通过本文的研究,建立了一个比较完整的摊铺机关键零部件的疲劳寿命分析体系,对工程中的实际问题有一定的参考作用。同时,对联轴器和螺旋分料器的结构优化,有利于提高两者的可靠性,也有利于提高摊铺机的工作性能。

关键词:梅花联轴器;螺旋分料器;有限元分析;疲劳寿命分析;结构优化

Reliability analysis and design of key components of the paver

Zhou Shuang

Supervised by Sun Beibei ,Zhang Jianrun

Abstract: As the main paving equipment of bituminous pavement, the paver owns the characteristic of huge structure, high cost, long production cycle, etc. As the key connection of vibrating eccentric shaft, the performance of plum coupling directly affects the work of vibrator. As the main components of separating work-pieces, the performance of spiral distributor directly affects the work of separation. Therefore, the plum coupling and the spiral distributor are the study object of this paper.

At first, this paper analyzes the static intensity and the modal of plum coupling and spiral distributor through the finite element analysis software ANSYS. And then, the fatigue analysis software Fe - safe is used for both life analysis. Finally, the components are structure optimized to improve their reliability. Some conclusions are received in the progress of analysis:

(1)The maximum stress of coupling and spiral distributor is less than the yield strength of the material, the static strength failure will not occur.

(2)The coupling and spiral distributor for the first order natural frequency are greater than the excitation frequency, so the resonance will not occur.

(3) The elastomer of coupling prones to fatigue failure due to long-term contact by the claw discs alternating stress, it’s also the major failure modes of the coupling; The stress of the blade root of spiral distributor is concentrated, under the long-term reaction of asphalt mixture, prone to fatigue failure.

(4)When the number of leaf of elastomer of coupling is 10, the deformation is smaller, and stress distribution is more even, the reliability of the coupling is improved. When the blade thickness is 22 mm,the spiral distributor is more economic and durable,and the stress deformation is small.

Through the research, this paper establishes a relatively complete system of fatigue life analysis of key parts, and it has certain reference function on the practical problems in engineering. At the same time, the structure optimization of coupling and spiral distributor improves the reliability of the components and will help improve performance of the paver.

Key words: plum coupling; spiral distributor; finite element analysis; analysis of fatigue-life;structure optimization

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

1 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 课题的背景与意义 1

1.3 机械零部件的可靠性研究现状 2

1.4 课题的主要研究内容 3

2 摊铺机关键零部件的有限元静力学分析 4

2.1 静力学分析基础 4

2.1.1 有限元方法简介 4

2.1.2 静力学理论 4

2.2 梅花联轴器静力学分析 5

2.2.1 梅花联轴器简述 5

2.2.2 有限元模型的建立 6

2.3.3 应力分析 7

2.3.4 变形及刚度分析 8

2.4 螺旋分料器静强度校核 10

2.4.1 螺旋分料器简述 10

2.4.2 有限元模型的建立 11

2.4.3 结果分析 13

2.5 本章小结 15

3 摊铺机关键零部件的有限元动力学分析 16

3.1 模态分析理论基础 16

3.2 梅花联轴器模态分析 17

3.2.1 前处理 17

3.2.2 模态提取 17

3.3.3 结果分析 17

3.3 螺旋分料器模态分析 18

3.3.1 前处理 18

3.3.2 模态提取 18

3.3.2 结果分析 18

3.4 本章小结 19

4 摊铺机关键零部件的寿命分析 20

4.1 疲劳强度理论 20

4.1.1 疲劳的基本概念 20

4.1.2 影响疲劳寿命的主要因素 20

4.1.3 疲劳寿命分析方法 21

4.1.4 疲劳寿命的计算理论 21

4.2 联轴器寿命分析 22

4.2.1 材料S-N曲线的获取 22

4.2.2 载荷谱的定义 22

4.2.3 材料属性及算法的定义 23

4.2.4 计算结果分析 23

4.3 螺旋分料器寿命分析 24

4.4 本章小结 25

5 摊铺机关键零部件的优化设计 26

5.1 联轴器的结构优化 26

5.2 螺旋分料器的结构优化 31

6 结论与展望 36

6.1 结论 36

6.2 展望 36

致谢 36

参考文献 37

摊铺机关键零部件的可靠性分析与设计

  1. 绪论

1.1 引言

随着中国经济的飞速发展,基础设施建设尤其是交通设施的建设得到了极大的完善,高速公路因此得到快速发展。沥青混合料由于自身韧性好、抗压性好等特点,一直作为高速公路的首选材料,因而沥青混凝土摊铺机作为沥青路面主要的摊铺设备,得到了全面的发展。然而,由于摊铺机零部件繁多、结构庞大,且工作环境比较恶劣,一些零部件常常以断裂、磨损等形式失效,严重影响了摊铺机的工作效率和摊铺性能。因此,对摊铺机关键零部件进行可靠性分析与设计意义重大。

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