工程车车厢分总成有限元建模及静动态特性分析

论文总字数：27259字

摘 要

本论文以后装压缩式垃圾车车厢为研究对象，建立其立体模型，并利用有限元分析软件对其进行动静态力学性能的研究，为进一步优化设计做准备。其具体内容主要包括：

一、使用Solidworks软件建立工程垃圾车车厢的三维CAD模型。首先分析二维图，对车厢总体结构有明晰认识。车厢的零部件较多，应忽略对总体质量和承载能力没有重要影响，但会影响后续处理的效率与准确性的零部件，经适当简化画出每个零件，并进行修改和装配。二、模型优化。利用Hypermesh软件完成对模型细节的处理，比如连接相交面，处理多余的倒角、小孔等，进而划分网格，为有限元分析做好前期工作。三、把划分好网格的模型导入有限元软件ANSYS中进行分析。对车厢的有限元分析主要包括模态分析和静力分析。模态分析可以得到模型的固有频率；静力分析可得到模型的在各种工况下的变形及反应，便于车厢优化设计。

本课题较好地拟合了车厢的模型，并对其进行了模态和静力分析，得到了车厢在满载平稳运行这种最常用工况下的应力及变形情况，从而为提高车厢的工作性能提供了理论依据。

关键词：后装压缩式垃圾车；三维建模；网格划分；有限元分析

FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF ENGINEERING CAR CARRIAGE AND ANALYSIS OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

02009403 Huining Huang

Supervised by Zhuangrui Zhu

Abstract: In China, with the rapid development of the city urbanization, the species and quantity of city life garbage are both increasing, how to transport the garbage in time has become a big problem. Therefore, the fully sealed back-loading compression garbage truck with compressing and crushing function appears as the times require, and has been widely welcomed by the environmental protection department. The carriage is an important loading part of the garbage truck, reducing its weight and increasing its loading capacity is one of the key points in raising the garbage carry efficiency.

This thesis take back-loading compression garbage truck carriage as the research object, establish the three-dimensional model, and carry out research of static and dynamic properties by using finite element analysis software, makes preparation for further optimization design. Its content mainly includes:

First, using Solidworks software to build a three-dimensional CAD model of the garbage truck carriage. Pay attention that some parts have no significant effect on the overall quality and capacity, but will make a bad influence on the efficiency and accuracy in subsequent treatment, therefore simplification is essential after careful analysis of two-dimensional map, then modification and assembly. Second, model optimization. Complete processing the details of the model by using Hypermesh software, such as connecting the intersecting surface, processing redundant chamferings and small holes, then divide the mesh model for finite element analysis. Finally, take this model into the finite element software ANSYS to analyze. Finite element analysis of the carrage including modal analysis and static analysis. Modal analysis can get the natural frequency of the model, static analysis can obtain deformation and reaction under various working conditions, make foundation for the future analysis and optimization.

This paper fits the compartment model well, and has carried on the modal analysis and static analysis, gets the stress and deformation of the carriage in the condition of smooth full-load operation, and provides theory basis for improving the carriage working performance.

Keywords: Back-Loading Compression Garbage Truck; Three-Dimensional CAD Model; Mesh Division; Finite Element Analysis

目 录

1 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景与课题意义 1

1.2 后装压缩式垃圾车国内外研究动态 2

1.3 课题主要内容 4

1.4课题难点 4

2 基本理论 5

2.1 后装压缩式垃圾车概述 5

2.2 有限元基本理论 6

2.3 相关软件介绍 8

3 工程车车厢CAD建模及装配 11

3.1 车厢各部分CAD建模 11

3.2车厢总装过程及模型展示 15

3.3 本章小结 17

4 工程车车厢有限元建模 18

4.1车厢模型简化 18

4.2车厢网格划分 20

4.3单元参数设置 22

4.4本章小结： 23

5 车厢有限元分析 24

5.1车厢模态分析 24

5.2车厢静力分析 28

5.3本章小结： 31

6 总结与展望 32

致谢 32

参考文献 33

工程车车厢分总成有限元建模及静动态特性分析

1 绪论

1.1 研究背景与课题意义

如今，中国约有2/3的城市陷入垃圾围城的困境。截至2012年6月数据，我国垃圾的年产量将近10亿吨，其中仅城市生活垃圾就有1.8亿吨，增长速度快，年增长率为8%～10 %。这些城市垃圾大多露天而置，不仅对城市市容市貌造成不良影响，而且会污染与我们生命息息相关的水、大气和土壤，对城镇居民的健康造成严重威胁。

因此，垃圾处理工作在城市建设与管理工作中占有重要的一席之地。垃圾要得到妥善处理回收利用，前提就是及时收集运输，减少占地和污染城市用地，可以说，垃圾的运输会直接影响整个垃圾处理的效率。而现在，由于城市垃圾密度逐渐降低，假如继续采用老式的垃圾运输方式，容易造成垃圾运载中的亏载，降低垃圾转运效率；另外，城市可供垃圾堆填的空间越来越少，垃圾运输费用占垃圾处理费用的比例越来越高，所以，降低垃圾清运费用也是降低整个城市垃圾处理处置费用的关键。

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