不同土壤结构下雷电电磁场数值模拟及其基于MATLAB的GUI设计

论文总字数：29945字

目 录

1.引言 1

2.雷电回击模型 2

2.1 电磁模型 2

2.2 气体动力学模型...............................................................................................................3

2.3 分布电路模型...................................................................................................................3

2.4 工程模型...........................................................................................................................4

3.二维时域有限差分方法基本原理 6

3.1 FDTD算法原理 ..6

3.2 2D-FDTD计算域内公式推导 6

3.3 2D-FDTD算法稳定性条件 9

3.4 吸收边界条件 10

3.5 激励源的设置 12

4.2D-FDTD算法计算雷电电磁场...........................13

4.1 均匀土壤下雷电电磁场的计算 13

4.2 水平分层条件下雷电电磁场的计算 17

4.3 垂直分层条件下雷电电磁场的计算 20

4.4 三种不同土壤结构下电磁场计算结果的对比 25

4.5 对水平分层计算模型中的介电常数非均匀化处理 26

5.2D-FDTD计算雷电电磁场的GUI实现 27

6.结论 29

参考文献 30

FDTD算法的雷电电磁场计算及其基于

MATLAB的GUI设计

刘国进

，China

Abstract：In recent years, with the rapid development of information technology, accidents caused by thunder and lightning damage to electronic information and communications are frequent. People's understanding of lightning is also deepening. This article first briefly introduces the relevant conditions of lightning return model and 2D-FDTD algorithm , and then calculates the lightning electromagnetic field generated by lightning return strokes using 2-D Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) method under the conducting ground, which is horizontally stratified、vertically stratified and uniform unstratified respectively. Finally, the GUI of the compiled FDTD algorithm is designed and the results of the calculation are analyzed. The calculation results show that the influence of different soil structures on the lightning magnetic field is very small. When the soil electrical conductivity is in the range of 0.1s/m~0.001s/m, the electrical conductivity has a significant effect on the horizontal electric field under the horizontally stratified or vertically stratified soil structure. Under the vertically stratified conducting ground, the soil structure near the side of the lightning channel is attenuated to electromagnetic field. Further, the unevenness of the capacitance is treated on the basis of horizontal stratification in this paper. It is found that the change of capacitance has a significant influence on the vertical electric field of lightning.

Key words : 2D-FDTD ; Lightning electromagnetic field ; electrical conductivity; dielectric constant ; GUI design

1. 引言

随着社会的进步，电子信息技术得到了空前的发展，相应的对电子通讯系统的防护也越发引起重视。在自然界中，通讯等精密设备的主要电磁干扰源就是闪电辐射的电磁波。此外雷电导致的接触与跨步电压也会造成人员伤害。此外，雷电对电力传输网络的安全的威胁也不容忽视^[1]。因此，就十分必要对闪电电磁场进行相关的计算研究^[2]。但是由于闪电电流不易直接被测量，往往雷电流模型都是基于一些宝贵的数据，通过各种物理模型建立起来的。将电流函数作为输入函数来建立回击模型，就可以从理论上分析计算电磁场。

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