基于DLG数字地图的土方计算精度分析

论文总字数：22117字

摘 要

随着测绘科学技术的飞速发展，数字地图的广泛应用，使得土方计算发生了彻底的变化。数字地图上地貌是用等高线（含高程信息）和高程点数据表示的，所以，利用数字地图进行土方计算的实质是用等高线（含高程信息）和高程点数据进行处理与计算而获取相应结果的过程。土建施工项目日益增多，在这些工程施工建设中土方计算往往是不可或缺的一个重要环节，在工程施工的设计阶段对土方量进行预算是很有必要的,因为土方量的计算会直接影响到工程造价及施工方案的选择。然而在现实中的一些施工项目中，我们也会遇到由于土方计算的准确性而导致的工程纠纷，所以，利用现场实测的数据或者是很据原有的数字地形图快速准确的计算出土方量是十分重要的。

土方计算的常用方法有：断面法、方格网法、等高线法、DTM法、区域土方量平衡法等。但是在实际的施工建设中，我我们使用不同的方法计算出的同一场地的土方量量往往相差较大，因此我我们可以知道不同的土方计算方法它们精度不同 ,适用范围也不一样。本文主要是基于DLG数字地形图对对土方计算中的断面法、方格网法、等高线法DTM经行比较分析，分别从理论上讨论它们的基本原理、适用条件，再结合实际计算土方量进行各种方法的比较分析，通过改变数据点的密度探讨点密度对土方计算精度的影响问题，得出有价值的结论，为场地土方测量计算提供了有益的指导。

关键词：断面法，方格网法，等高线法，DTM法

ANALYSIS OF EARTHWORK CALCULATION ACCURACY BASED ON DLG DIGITAL MAP

Abstract

With the rapid development of science and technology for ,mapping and surveying, the wide application of digital map has made the earthwork calculation completely changed.. Digital map landform is represented by contour (including elevation information) and elevation data points, so essence of earthwork calculation using digital map is with contour (including elevation information) and elevation data processing and calculation and obtain corresponding results. Civil construction projects is increasing. In the engineering construction earthwork calculation is often an important integral part of, in the design phase of the project construction of earthwork budget is very necessary, because the earthwork calculation will directly affect the project cost and construction scheme selection. However a number of construction projects in the real world, we will also meet due to the accuracy of the calculation of earthwork engineering disputes. Therefore, the use of field measured data or according to the unearthed from the original digital topographic map is rapid and accurate calculation of the volume is very important.

Common methods of earthwork calculation include:cross-section method,cross-section method, grid method, square method or borrow-PIT method , DTM method, regional earthwork balance method, etc.. But in actual construction and I we use different methods to calculate the same site earthwork volume tend to vary greatly, so that we can know different earthwork calculation method for their accuracy and scope of application is not the same. This paper is mainly based on DLG digital topographic map of section method in the calculation of earthwork, square net method, contour of DTM by comparative analysis, respectively from the theoretical discussion their basic principles, applicable conditions, combined with the actual calculation of earthwork volume of various methods of comparative analysis, by changing the density of the data points of point density of earthwork calculation problems affecting the accuracy of the obtained valuable conclusions, provides useful guidance for site earthwork measurement calculation.

Key Words: cross-section method, square method or borrow-PIT method, conture method, DTM method

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目 录 III

第1章 绪 论 1

1.1 土方计算概述 1

1.2 土方计算常用的方法 1

第2章 土方计算原理 3

2.1断面法土方计算 3

2.2方格网法土方计算 5

2.3等高线法土方计算 8

2.4数字地面模型法（DTM）……………………………………………………………………9

2.4.1 建立三角网 9

2.4.2 三角网的调整 9

2.4.3 三角网与切割面的关系 10

2.4.4 体积的计算 12

2.4.5 DTM土方量计算误差探讨 14

第3章 实验数据处理与计算 16

3.1 数字地图的数据提取 16

3.2 断面法土方计算 20

3.3 方格网法土方计算 25

3.4 等高法土方计算 27

3.5 DTM法土方计算 29

第4章 结论与分析 32

4.1 研究结论 32

4.2 展望 36

致谢 38

参考文献（References)………………………………………………………………………………39

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