物联网技术在智能交通管理中的应用研究

论文总字数：29544字

摘 要

随着经济社会的发展，人们生活水平的提高，汽车保有量的不断上升，同时城市规模和人口的扩张，城市交通拥堵，以及由其导致的噪音，空气污染等问题越来越突出，越来越成为制约城市进一步发展的重要因素。而智能交通系统的建设对于城市摆脱这种困境则成为了必然的选择。

同时，物联网技术作为新一代的革命性技术，正在快速的发展。其通过射频识别，GPS等技术将万事万物进行连接从而实现智能化管控的概念对于智能交通系统来说不谋而合，更让我们看到了将物联网技术应用于智能交通系统的美好前景。

本文主要研究了物联网技术在智能交通系统中的应用方式，对智能交通系统和物联网技术的起源，发展以及它们在世界各国中的应用现状进行了详细介绍，提出了将物联网技术应用于智能交通系统的所需要重点关注的关键技术并进行了介绍分析，接着着重对车载GPS定位技术在智能交通系统中的应用进行了详细介绍，并进行了实地试验，获取数据后进行了车载GPS系统定位误差分析。然后结合南京市机动车环保标志电子卡工程，对其中的物联网技术的应用，项目的开展、建设、运行进行了详细的介绍。分析了这个项目的优点以及其出现的问题，总结了其对于今后我国城市建设智能交通系统所留下的宝贵的经验。最后，得出结论：物联网技术在智能交通系统中的大规模应用以及智能交通系统在城市中的完全发展都会有很长的路要走，但物联网技术及智能交通系统是城市的未来，是必由之路，发展是必须也是必然的。

关键词：物联网 智能交通系统 RFID 传感器网络 GPS

THE APPLICATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS IN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Abstract

With the development of economic and society, the improvement of people's living standards, the rising of car ownership and the expansion of city size and population, urban traffic congestion as well as noise and air pollution which caused by it and other issues are more and more prominent, and also become critical factors to further development of cities. And construction of Intelligent Transportation System has been a inevitable course for cities to get out of this predicament.

At the same time, as a new generation of revolutionary technology, Internet of Things is rapidly developing. It’s conception that connect everything through RFID, GPS and other technologies to achieve intelligent control is consistent with ITS. And it shows us a bright future to apply IOT in ITS.

This paper mainly studies the model of application of IOT technology in ITS, and detailed introduces the origin and development of IOT and ITS, and their application status in the world. Then some key technologies which are critical for application of IOT in ITS are proposed and analyzed. Then especially introduces the Vehicle-carry GPS positioning technology’s application in ITS, and conducts a field test and error analysis. And combined with Nanjing vehicle electronic environmental label card project, this essay particular introduces the application of IOT in this project and its development, construction and operation. Then this paper analyses the advantages of this project and its problems, and sums up the valuable experience for the future construction of ITS for other cities. Finally, the conclusion can be made that large-scale applications of IOT technology in ITS and completely development of ITS in cities still have a long way to go. But IOT and ITS are the future of the cities, and also the only way for cities. Development of IOT and ITS is necessary and inevitable.

Key words: Intelligent Transportation System; Internet of Things; Radio Frequency Identification; GPS

目 录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………………I

关键词 ……………………………………………………………………………………………I

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………… II

Key words………………………………………………………………………………………… II

1 绪论………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 研究背景与意义……………………………………………………………………………1

1.2 国内外研究现状……………………………………………………………………………1

1.2.1物联网研究现状……………………………………………………………………… 1

1.2.2智能交通研究现状…………………………………………………………………… 3

1.3研究内容与组织结构……………………………………………………………………… 4

2 物联网与智能交通系统…………………………………………………………………………5

2.1物联网简介………………………………………………………………………………… 5

2.1.1物联网的概念与发展………………………………………………………………… 5

2.1.2物联网的原理与架构………………………………………………………………… 5

2.1.3物联网的智能应用…………………………………………………………………… 7

2.2智能交通系统简介………………………………………………………………………… 7

2.2.1智能交通系统的概念………………………………………………………………… 7

2.2.2智能交通系统的架构………………………………………………………………… 7

2.2.3智能交通系统的发展与应用………………………………………………………… 8

3物联网技术在智能交通系统中的应用………………………………………………………… 9

3.1射频识别技术（RFID）…………………………………………………………………… 9

3.1.1射频识别技术（RFID）简介………………………………………………………… 9

3.1.2射频识别技术（RFID）在智能交通系统中的应用………………………………… 9

3.2 GPS定位技术……………………………………………………………………………… 9

3.2.1 GPS定位技术简介…………………………………………………………………… 9

3.2.2 车载GPS定位系统原理……………………………………………………………… 9

3.2.3 车载GPS定位精度的测定………………………………………………………… 11

3.2.4 GPS定位技术在智能交通系统中的应用……………………………………………14

3.3 视频监控技术…………………………………………………………………………… 14

3.3.1视频监控技术简介………………………………………………………………… 14

3.3.2视频监控技术在智能交通系统中的应用………………………………………… 15

3.4传感器网络技术………………………………………………………………………… 15

3.4.1传感器网络技术简介……………………………………………………………… 15

3.4.2传感器网络技术在智能交通系统中的应用……………………………………… 16

4应用案例分析………………………………………………………………………………… 18

4.1南京市机动车环保标志电子卡工程项目介绍………………………………………… 18

4.2项目中运用的物联网技术……………………………………………………………… 18

4.2.1 RFID技术……………………………………………………………………………18

4.2.2视频监控技术……………………………………………………………………… 20

4.2.3传感器网络………………………………………………………………………… 20

4.3 系统架构………………………………………………………………………………… 20

4.4 项目实施过程…………………………………………………………………………… 21

4.5 项目成果及分析………………………………………………………………………… 22

5总结与展望…………………………………………………………………………………… 24

致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………… 25

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