论文总字数：24968字

摘 要

空调负荷作为我国夏季居民用电负荷的主要组成部分，在高峰期往往会占到总负荷的40%，并且还有继续增加的趋势。大量的空调负荷接入电网会对电网的经济稳定运行造成比较大的损害，但同时也为需求响应提供了巨大的潜力。在智能电网的背景下，响应速度快、潜力大的空调负荷逐渐成为重要的需求响应资源。可再生能源发电具有反调峰性和不确定性，会增加电网潮流的波动。因此，研究在考虑大规模可再生能源接入电网的前提下，利用温控负荷进行需求响应具有重要的意义。

本文中的温控负荷，主要研究的是空调负荷。本文研究的空调负荷主要是指分体式、定频空调。首先，分析了空调负荷的储能特性，建立了空调负荷的基本模型以及储能模型，通过两种模型的优劣势对比，选用了空调负荷的储能模型进行接下来的研究。其次，在空调负荷储能模型的基础上，通过基于马尔科夫链的聚合算法，研究得到了大规模参数相似的分散空调的聚合模型，将空调负荷聚合为一台虚拟机组，得到虚拟机组的出力上下限，使之能像传统机组参与系统调度。最后，建立包含火力发电机组成本、空调虚拟机组运行成本、弃风成本在内的经济调度模型，研究计及大规模温控负荷和可再生能源的发用电一体化调度策略。

关键词：可再生能源，温控负荷，负荷聚合，需求响应，经济调度策略

ABSTRACT

As the main component of China's summer residential electricity load, air-conditioning load tends to account for 40% of the total load during peak hours, and there is a tendency to continue to increase. A large amount of air conditioning load connected to the grid will cause considerable damage to the economic stability of the grid, but it also provides great potential for demand response. Renewable energy generation has anti-peaking and uncertainty, which will increase the fluctuation of grid power. Therefore, research on the premise of large-scale renewable energy access to the grid, the use of temperature control load for demand response is of great significance.

The temperature control load in this paper mainly studies the air conditioning load. The air conditioning load studied in this paper mainly refers to split type and fixed frequency air conditioner.Firstly, the energy storage characteristics of air conditioning load are analyzed. Under the premise of considering user comfort and building thermal storage capacity, the basic model of air conditioning load and energy storage model are established. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the two models, the energy storage model of the load is subjected to the next study. Secondly, based on the air-conditioning load energy storage model, the Markov chain is used to study the aggregation model of distributed air conditioners with similar parameters on a large scale, and the air conditioning load is aggregated into a virtual unit to obtain the virtual unit. The upper and lower limits of the output make it possible to participate in system scheduling like a traditional unit. Finally, an economic dispatch model including the composition of the thermal power generator, the operating cost of the air-conditioning virtual unit, and the cost of abandoning the wind is established. The integrated dispatching strategy of large-scale temperature-controlled load and renewable energy is studied.

Key words: Renewable Energy, Temperature control load, Load aggregation, Demand response, Economic dispatch strategy

目 录

摘要 Ⅰ

ABSTRACT Ⅱ

第一章 引言 1

1.1课题研究背景及意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

1.2.1空调负荷建模 2

1.2.2空调负荷的聚合 4

1.2.3空调负荷的控制方式 5

1.2.4空调负荷的控制策略 6

1.3本文主要内容及章节安排 6

第二章 空调负荷的建模 8

2.1定频空调负荷的基本模型 8

2.1.1建筑物热力学模型 8

2.1.2电气模型 9

2.2定频空调负荷的储能建模 10

2.2.1储能公式 10

2.2.2充放电约束 12

2.3两种模型的比较 12

2.4本章小结 13

第三章 空调负荷的聚合 14

3.1聚合模型原理 14

3.2基于马尔科夫链的大规模分体式定频空调聚合模型 14

3.2.1空调储能模型的马尔科夫性 14

3.2.2空调储能模型的状态转移矩阵 15

3.2.3空调聚合模型的出力 18

3.3空调聚合模型的成本函数 18

3.4算例分析 19

3.5本章小结 22

第四章 考虑风电接入电网下的大规模分体式定频空调参与发用电一体化调度策略 23

4.1目标函数 23

4.2约束条件 23

4.3算例分析 25

4.4本章小结 27

第六章 总结和展望 28

致谢 29

参考文献 30

附录 33

附录一 33

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