电动汽车用磁轴偏移式IPM电机设计与分析

论文总字数：26203字

摘 要

电动汽车成为汽车工业的未来，关于其相关技术的研究成为热点。本文以Prius2010电机为基础，借助有限元分析软件对其转子重新进行了非对称结构的优化设计。为了能减小永磁同步电机磁阻转矩与永磁转矩最大值对应电流角的差值，使二者的最大值相距更近以提高电机转矩，提出了通过转子的非对称结构使磁轴发生偏移从而使电流角之差减小的设想。首先对电机结构一些单个参数对电磁特性的影响进行了研究，然后从中选取永磁体的角度、永磁体的宽度和厚度作为进行非对称结构优化计算的变量。对三组变量先各自单独进行非对称结构的优化计算，发现优化计算中转矩很大的非对称结构都不是非对称性特别显著的结构。三组优化参数各自都有一个大概的范围，但没有能减小相位角差的非对称结构，反而使电流角增大。最后进行三组变量综合优化计算，得到的非对称结构改善了空载气隙磁密和反电动势波形，电流角之差和Prius2010电机接近，发现非对称结构优化存在着一个矛盾：非对称性显著的电流角差值小但转矩较小，而非对称性较弱的转矩大但电流角差值较大。

关键词：内置式永磁同步电机 ，磁轴偏移，非对称结构，电机设计

Abstract

Electric vehicle has become the future of automobile industry, and the research on its related technology has become a hotspot. In this thesis, based on the Prius2010 motor, the rotor is optimized with the help of finite element analysis software. In order to reduce the difference of the current angles between the magneto-resistance torque of permanent magnet synchronous motor and the maximum of permanent magnet torque, and make the maximum of the two values be closer to each other to improve the motor torque, an idea is put forward to reduce the difference of the current angles by making the magnetic axis displace through the asymmetric structure of the rotor. Firstly, the influences of some single parameters of motor structure on electromagnetic characteristics is studied, and then the angle of permanent magnet, the width and thickness of permanent magnet are selected as the variables for asymmetric structure optimization calculation. Secondly, the three groups of variables are optimized for asymmetric structure separately, and it is found that the asymmetric structures with high torque in the optimization calculation are not particularly asymmetric. The optimization parameters of the three groups each has a general range, however, no asymmetric structures that can reduce the current angle difference but increased the value. Finally, through the comprehensive optimization calculation of three groups of variables, the obtained asymmetric structure can improve the no-load air gap flux density and back electromotive force waveform, and the current angle difference is close to that of the Prius2010 motor. It is found that the asymmetric structure optimization has a contradiction: the current angle difference with significant asymmetry is smaller but the torque is smaller, while the torque with weaker asymmetry is larger but the current angle difference is larger.

Keywords: interior permanent magnet synchronous motor, displaced magnetic axis, asymmetric structure, motor design

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题背景及电动汽车发展现状 1

1.1.1电动汽车的发展背景 1

1.1.2电动汽车发展现状 1

1.2电动汽车用驱动电机的研究与对比及本文设想 1

1.2.1电动汽车驱动电机的研究 1

1.2.2不同电机类型的对比 2

1.2.3内置式永磁同步电机转子结构及设想的提出 4

1.3本文主要工作 4

第二章 永磁同步电机及磁轴偏移基本方程 5

2.1 d/q坐标系下的永磁同步电机基本方程 5

2.2磁轴偏移同步电机基本方程 5

第三章 磁轴偏移式IPM电机优化设计 7

3.1永磁体宽度非对称影响的研究 8

3.1.1对磁密分布及空载气隙磁密的影响 8

3.1.2对齿槽转矩的影响 10

3.1.3对空载反电动势的影响 10

3.1.4对负载转矩的影响 11

3.2永磁体厚度非对称影响的研究 14

3.2.1对磁密分布及空载气隙磁密的影响 14

3.2.2对齿槽转矩的影响 16

3.2.3对空载反电动势的影响 17

3.2.4对负载转矩的影响 17

3.3永磁体角度非对称影响的研究 19

3.3.1对磁密分布及空载气隙磁密的影响 20

3.3.2对空载反电动势的影响 21

3.3.3对负载转矩的影响 23

3.4三组非对称参数单独优化设计 25

3.4.1永磁体角度非对称结构优化 26

3.4.2永磁体宽度非对称结构优化 28

3.4.3永磁体厚度非对称结构优化 31

3.5非对称参数综合优化设计 33

第四章 非对称结构优化前后电磁特性对比 35

4.1优化前后空载特性对比 35

4.2优化前后负载特性对比 38

总结与展望 41

参考文献 42

致 谢 43

1. 绪论

1.1课题背景及电动汽车发展现状

1.1.1电动汽车的发展背景

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