考虑网络约束的电力系统灵活性评估

论文总字数：29164字

摘 要

在当前化石燃料迅速枯竭的背景下，充分合理利用可再生能源得到了很大的关注，随着可再生能源大规模接入电力系统，其出力的波动性和不确定性使得评估电力系统的稳定运行需要从灵活性的角度出发，制定研究电力系统灵活性评估指标可以为系统的合理规划、稳定运行与资源优化配置提供量化的参考依据。本文首先分析了作为最典型可再生能源的风能发电的随机特性及其对并网后对电力系统造成的影响，再分析了需求响应作为负荷侧的灵活性资源的灵活性供给方式，然后分析了弃风与切负荷作为必要时刻平衡电力系统灵活性需求、维持电力系统的稳定持续运行的两种手段的作用原理。在此基础上，本文依据电力系统弃风与切负荷的数量与数值定义了电力系统向上灵活性不足概率/期望与电力系统向下灵活性不足概率/期望四个灵活性评估指标，搭建了在大规模风电并网中考虑接入经济性较高的激励型需求响应时的电力系统运行灵活性评估模型。最后通过设计算例，在IEEE-30测试系统中对搭建的计及需求响应与大规模风电并网的电力系统运行灵活性评估模型进行了仿真，计算了电力系统运行灵活性评估指标，验证了评估体系的可行性，并分析了激励型需求响应和电力系统的网络约束对电力系统运行灵活性的影响，总结了电力系统中出现向上/向下灵活性不足情况的原因。

关键词： 电力系统灵活性，灵活性评估指标，风电随机特性，激励型需求响应，网络约束

Abstract

Under the background of the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, the full and rational use of renewable energy has received great attention, with the large-scale access of renewable energy to power systems, the volatility and uncertainty of its output make it necessary to assess the stability of the power system from a flexible perspective, studying the power system flexibility assessment indicators can provide a quantitative reference basis for the rational planning, stable operation and resource optimization configuration of the system. This paper first analyzes the stochastic characteristics of wind power generation as the most typical renewable energy source and its impact on the power system after grid connection, and then analyzes the demand response as a flexible supply method for the flexible resources on the load side. Then it analyzes the principle of the two methods of abandoning wind and load shedding as the necessary time to balance the power system flexibility demand brought by the stochastic characteristics in the system and maintain the stable and continuous operation of the power system. On this basis, based on the number and value of the wind and load shedding of the power system, the four flexibility evaluation indicators of the power system's probability/expectation of loss of upward/downward flexibility are defined. The large-scale wind power grid-connected network considers the power system operational flexibility assessment model when accessing the economically high incentive demand response. An evaluation model for power system operational flexibility when considering the access to a highly economical incentive demand response in large-scale wind power integration is established. Finally, by setting up an example, the IEEE-30 node test system is used to simulate the built-in demand response and the large-scale wind power grid-connected power system operation flexibility evaluation model, the flexibility evaluation index is calculated and verified and the feasibility of the model is analyzed, and the impact of the incentive demand response, the network constraints of the power system on the operational flexibility of the power system is analyzed and the reasons for the lack of upward/downward flexibility in the power system are summarized.

KEY WORDS: Power system flexibility, flexibility assessment indicators, wind power stochastic characteristics, incentive demand response, network constraints

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 本文主要研究工作 3

第二章 风电随机特性与激励型需求响应模型 5

2.1 风电随机特性模型 5

2.1.1 风电随机特性及其影响 5

2.1.2 风电场景出力模拟生成方法 5

2.2 负荷不确定性模型 6

2.3 激励型需求响应模型 6

2.4 本章小结 8

第三章 计及需求响应与大规模风电并网的电力系统运行灵活性评估模型 9

3.1 电力系统稳定运行的条件 9

3.2 电力系统运行灵活性评估指标 10

3.3 电力系统运行灵活性评估模型 11

3.3.1 目标函数 11

3.3.2 负荷与风电出力模型 11

3.3.3 灵活性资源调度约束条件 12

3.4 电力系统运行灵活性评估流程 13

3.5 本章小结 15

第四章 计及需求响应与大规模风电并网的电力系统运行灵活性评估模型的应用 17

4.1 系统参数设置 17

4.2 风电场景与负荷波动模拟 17

4.3 灵活性评价指标结果 18

4.4 电力系统运行灵活性的影响因素 19

4.4.1 风电接入比例对电力系统运行灵活性的影响 19

4.4.2 需求响应对电力系统运行灵活性的影响 20

4.4.3 网络约束对电力系统运行灵活性的影响 21

4.5 总结分析 23

4.6 本章小结 24

第五章 总结与展望 25

参考文献 26

致 谢 28

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