论文总字数：50368字

摘 要

进入21世纪，能源与环境问题成为限制现代社会发展的巨大障碍。近年来，随着新型能源利用形式的出现，电动汽车、冷热电联供等逐步融入人们日常生活中。综合能源系统以其独特的经济、环保优势成为目前能源利用模式的主要发展趋势。针对新能源、油气资源丰富而电网架构薄弱的地区，发展以电-气联供互补网络为核心的区域间综合能源系统互联模式具有广阔的应用前景。本文课题为包含电、冷、热多种能流的多能互补系统潮流计算方法，主要研究区域内冷热电联供、区域间电-气联供互补的多区域运行优化调度模型。首先，探究天然气潮流计算的一般模型。分别按照天然气稳态等温模型的节点法、环网法、环能法建模，结果表明节点法可在计算复杂度和计算精确度中取得最优平衡，且在只监测节点压强的运行管理平台的应用中更具实际优势。接着，对天然气稳态非等温模型进行算法分析，基于四阶龙格-库塔法，结合算例探究管道流速随压强、温度的变化规律，验证了模型与参数的正确合理性。最后，在天然气稳态等温增量线性潮流的基础上，结合电力二阶锥凸优化潮流理论知识，建立基于阶梯气价的多区域电-气联供互补系统优化调度模型。加入电转气技术加深电-气耦合、提高能源利用率，以储气设备实现能源备用，增设燃气母线以完善区域内冷热电联供系统模型，采用双层线性化算法以解决压缩机模型非线性问题，计及阶梯气价以提升区域运行经济效益。算例表明，阶梯气价下多区域电-气联供互补系统具有很好的互补经济效益。同时，电转气技术可极大优化运行能效，具有巨大的发展潜力。另外，压缩机线性化模型的计入可较好地模拟系统运行中的气网传输损耗，细化了天然气潮流模型。

关键词：冷热电联供，天然气稳态等温模型，天然气稳态非等温模型，基于阶梯气价的多区域电-气联供互补系统优化调度模型，压缩机线性化模型

Abstract

During the 21st century, energy and environmental problems have become a huge obstacle to the development of modern society. In recent years, with the emergence of new forms of energy utilization, electric vehicles and combined cooling heating and power systems are gradually incorporated into people's daily life. Integrated energy system has become the main trend of energy utilization mode owing to its unique economic and environmental advantages. In the areas, which are rich in oil, gas and renewable resources but have fragile grid infrastructure, the development of multi-region integrated energy system interconnection mode possesses broad application prospects. Obviously, the core of such mode is gas and power complementary system. The subject of this paper is the power flow calculation method for multi-energy complementary systems with multiple energy flows, including electricity, cooling and heating. Furthermore, this paper mainly studies the multi-region optimized scheduling model where combined cooling heating and power system is running inside a region and power-gas complementarity can be achieved among regions. Firstly, the general model of gas flow algorithms is explored. According to theoretical knowledge, algorithms of the steady-state isothermal gas flow model can be divided into three types: node method, loop-network method and loop-energy method. Results show that the node method can achieve an optimal balance between computational complexity and accuracy and be more practical in the application of gas network operating management platforms, where only node pressure is monitored. Then, this paper carries out the arithmetic analysis of the steady-state non-isothermal gas flow model that can be solved by classical fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. In this section, the changing rule of pipeline flow rate affected by pressure and temperature is discussed. Through a certain example, this paper verifies the correctness and rationality of the model and parameters. Finally, based on the theoretical knowledge of power flow second-order cone programming relaxation and steady-state isothermal gas flow incremental linear programming methods, an optimized scheduling model of multi-region gas and power complementary system considering tiered gas tariff is established. Moreover, the deployment of power-to-gas equipments deepens gas-electricity coupling and improves energy utilization whilst the gas storage equipment realizes the backup of energy. Inside the region, the involvement of gas busbar perfects the model of combined cooling heating and power system. Additionally, bi-level linearization algorithm is adopted to solve the non-linear problem of the compressor model, and the tiered gas tariff is taken into account to increase the economic benefit of regional operation. Results highlight that multi-region gas and power complementary system considering tiered gas tariff gains remarkable complementary economic benefits. In the meantime, the power-to-gas technology can optimize the energy operation efficiency greatly and is of high development potential. Finally yet importantly, the linear model of compressors can better simulate the transmission loss of the gas network in system operation, and refine the gas flow model as well.

KEY WORDS: combined cooling heating and power system, steady-state isothermal gas flow model, steady-state non-isothermal gas flow model, optimized scheduling model of multi-region gas and power complementary system considering tiered gas tariff, linear model of compressors

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 本课题的背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 区域内部综合能源系统 3

1.2.2 电力网络潮流算法 3

1.2.3 天然气网络潮流算法 4

1.2.4 电-气联供互补系统 5

1.3 本文的主要工作 6

1.3.1 本文的框架 6

1.3.2 本文的创新之处 7

第二章 天然气管网稳态等温模型 9

2.1 概述 9

2.2 管道模型 10

2.2.1 模型描述 10

2.2.2 求解算法 12

2.2.3 节点法 12

2.2.4 环网法 13

2.2.5 环能法 14

2.3 网络设备模型 14

2.3.1 阀门模型 14

2.3.2 压缩机模型 15

2.4 算例验证 15

第三章 天然气管网稳态非等温模型 18

3.1 概述 18

3.2 稳态非等温模型建模 18

3.2.1 管道流动基础方程 18

3.2.2 压缩系数 20

3.2.3 输气管道水力摩阻系数 20

3.2.4 天然气动力粘度 21

3.2.5 天然气密度与通用气体常数 21

3.3 求解算法 22

3.4 算例验证 23

第四章 基于阶梯气价的多区域电-气联供互补系统优化调度 25

4.1 概述 25

4.2 电-气联供互补系统建模 25

4.2.1 区域内CCHP系统建模 25

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