以负荷需量系数为核心的用户侧储能精简配置技术

论文总字数：27973字

摘 要

本文基于负荷需量系数和共享储能，提出了三个储能配置模型。

对不同储能类型和不同化学储能优缺点进行分析，选择磷酸铁锂离子电池为大工商业用户储能电池。考虑到储能系统资金的安装，维护和使用成本，提出了储能系统的平均日成本模型，并得出与储能设施容量成线性关系的结论。 获得基于储能成本和两部制电价，本文建立了单用户单储能模型，这是一个混合整数线性规划模型(MILP)，在MATLAB2015b环境下调用CPLEX12.4和YALMIP优化包进行求解，求得了该模式下用户的最优安装容量和优化周期内缴纳的电费。此外，本文借鉴了共享经济的概念，提出了多用户、电网公司共同参与电力调度的共享储能的概念，构建了共享储能的生态模式。在单用户单储能模型的基础上，本文还建立了多用户共享一个储能系统的多用户单储能模型和多用户共享多个储能系统的多用户多储能模型，后两个模型不仅使用了前者的约束条件，还使用了优化结果。多用户单储能模型能保证参与共享储能的每一个用户负荷最大功率不大于单用户单储能模式，且优化周期内缴纳的电费也不高于单用户单储能模式。多用户多储能模型是同时考虑用户和电网公司收益的模型，这两个优化模型也都是MILP模型。

最后，三个储能配置模型经实例仿真后，从负荷最大功率，优化周期内电费，最优储能容量，负荷峰谷差四个维度进行分析比较。

关键词：电池储能系统，储能配置，共享储能，负荷需量系数，混合整数线性规划

Abstract

Based on load demand coefficient and shared energy storage, three energy storage allocation models are proposed in this paper.

The advantages and disadvantages of different energy storage types and different chemical energy storage were analyzed. Lithium iron phosphate batteries were selected as energy storage batteries for large industrial and commercial users. Considering the installation cost, maintenance cost and capital utilization rate of energy storage system, a daily average cost model of energy storage system is proposed, and a conclusion is drawn that the model is linearly related to the installation capacity of energy storage system. Based on the energy storage cost and two-part tariff, this paper establishes a single-user single-energy storage model, which is a mixed integer linear programming model (MILP). CPLEX 12.4 and YALMIP optimization packages are invoked to solve the problem in MATLAB 2015b environment, and the optimal installation capacity and the electricity charges paid during the optimization period are obtained. In addition, this paper draws lessons from the concept of shared economy, puts forward the concept of shared energy storage in which multi-users and grid companies participate in power dispatching, and constructs an ecological model of shared energy storage. On the basis of single-user single-energy storage model, this paper also establishes multi-user single-energy storage model and multi-user multi-energy storage model of multi-user sharing multi-energy storage system. The latter two models not only use the constraints of the former, but also use the optimization results. The multi-user single energy storage model can ensure that the maximum load power of each user participating in shared energy storage is not greater than that of single-user single energy storage model, and the electricity charges paid during the optimization cycle are not higher than that of single-user single energy storage model. The multi-user and multi-energy storage model is a model that considers both users and grid companies' benefits. Both optimization models are MILP models.

Finally, three energy storage allocation models are simulated and compared from four dimensions: maximum power of load, electricity charge in optimization cycle, optimal energy storage capacity and peak-valley difference of load.

Key words: battery energy storage system, energy storage configuration, shared energy storage, load demand factor, mixed integer linear programming

目 录

摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

第一章 引言 2

1.1研究的背景和意义 2

1.2国内外研究现状 3

1.2.1锂电池储能系统研究现状 3

1.2.2单用户储能配置研究现状 6

1.2.3多用户储能配置研究现状 7

1.3论文主要工作 8

第二章 储能配置模型的建立 9

2.1单用户单储能模型建立 9

2.1.1储能系统成本模型 9

2.1.2目标函数 11

2.1.3 约束条件 11

2.1.4 MILP模型的描述与求解方法 13

2.1.5 本章小结 13

2.2多用户单储能模型的建立 13

2.2.1共享储能的介绍 14

2.2.2多用户单储能模式概述 15

2.2.3优化问题描述 15

2.3多用户多储能模型的建立 17

2.4本章小结 21

第三章 实例仿真算例及分析 22

3.1基本参数设置 22

3.2三个模型优化结果分析与对比 23

3.2.1单用户单储能模型仿真结果 23

3.2.2多用户单储能模型仿真结果 24

3.2.3多用户多储能模型仿真结果 27

3.3本章小结 29

第四章 总结与展望 29

4.1本文工作小结 29

4.2研究工作展望 29

参考文献 31

致 谢 33

1. 引言

1.1研究的背景和意义

储能一度被认为是二十一世纪的变革性技术。储能作为综合能源服务的关键一环，在电力系统“发-输-配-用”四大环节均有重大的使用价值，常见的储能方式有电化学储能，抽水蓄能储能，压缩空气储能，飞轮储能，超级电容储能等。近期全国上马开建的储能项目如下表所示。

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