面向电网辅助服务的储能运行控制技术研究

论文总字数：27331字

摘 要

随着光伏、风电等分布式发电的日益普及，各种不同类型的负荷相继出现，给电网的规划和运行带来了很大的压力。与此同时，随着各储能辅助系统的敏捷性越来越高，理论研究越来越深入，硬件设施越来越完备等。可以充分发挥储能辅助系统在辅助调峰、辅助调频等电网辅助服务的带来的优势。所以，储能辅助系统定会在电网辅助服务设施中占有一席之地，并且发挥其应有的作用。因此，有必要对储能辅助系统在电网辅助服务的作用进行分析研究。

从储能系统现阶段的发展来看。现阶段主要的储能辅助系统是利用跟踪新能源的强波动性从而对电网进行辅助服务。但是由于各种新能源不断并网，负荷侧负荷类型持续增加，很大程度上加大了电网在辅助调峰峰、调频等辅助服务的压力。由于储能系统灵活性和技术的不断改进，辅助服务的储能技术得到了迅速发展。目前储能系统主要以集中的形式参与辅助服务，主要作为风电场的一部分在风电场中使用。在这种电网运行模式下，储能系统的主要作用是提供优质的电网辅助服务，而不是通过利用电网资源来提高电网收益。

目前电网服务有辅助调峰、辅助调频、黑启动等，对于电网辅助工作来看，辅助调峰和辅助调频实践和研究工作都比较多，所以本文主要对储能辅助服务系统进行调峰调频工作的分析研究，然后在小电网中进行仿真分析研究。

首先从电网辅助服务系统出发，分析和了解到电网辅助服务措施。随后便了解了当今储能技术的研究现状和发展趋势，主要从机械储能、电磁储能和电化学储能三大类进行详细分析和研究。并且研究和分析了储能电池技术辅助电网工作的优势和研究现状。

然后讲对以全钒液流储能电池为例关于储能电池的技术特点和技术原理进行详细分析。同时，对辅助服务的储能逆变器控制方式进行分析研究，主要针对P/Q控制方式、V/f控制方式和下垂控制方式进行详细分析。确定储能电池辅助调峰采用P/Q控制方式，储能电池辅助调频采用下垂控制方式。最后针对逆变器的组成模块进行详细分析，主要针对功率环、电压电流双环控制器、SPWM控制技术和滤波器进行原理解读和具体设计。

最后主要对P/Q控制方式和下垂控制方式的工作原理和设计思路进行详细介绍，介绍储能电池辅助调峰调频的逆变器设计具体思路，并且搭建逆变器模型和简单的电网模型，讨论并分析在有电池储能统辅助电网调峰调频能力的大小。

关键字：储能电池，辅助服务，辅助调峰，辅助调频，逆变器

Abstract

With the increasing popularity of distributed generation such as photovoltaic and wind power, various types of loads appear one after another, bringing great pressure to the planning and operation of power grid. At the same time, with the increasing agility of each energy storage auxiliary system, more and more in-depth theoretical research, more and more complete hardware facilities. It can give full play to the advantages of energy storage auxiliary system in auxiliary peak modulation, auxiliary frequency modulation and other auxiliary services of power grid. Therefore, the auxiliary energy storage system will definitely take a place in the auxiliary service facilities of the power grid and play its due role. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and study the role of energy storage auxiliary system in the auxiliary service of power grid.

From the current development of energy storage system. At present, the main auxiliary system of energy storage is to track the strong fluctuation of new energy and provide auxiliary services to the power grid. However, due to the continuous grid-connection of various new energy sources and the continuous increase of load side load types, the pressure on auxiliary services such as auxiliary peak-to-peak and frequency modulation is greatly increased. Due to the flexibility of energy storage system and the continuous improvement of technology, the energy storage technology of auxiliary service has been developed rapidly. At present, the energy storage system mainly participates in auxiliary services in a centralized form and is mainly used in wind farms as part of wind farms. In this grid operation mode, the main role of the energy storage system is to provide high-quality grid auxiliary services, rather than improve the grid revenue by utilizing grid resources.

At present, power grid services include auxiliary peak regulation, auxiliary frequency regulation and black start, etc. In terms of power grid auxiliary work, there are many practices and researches on auxiliary peak regulation and auxiliary frequency regulation. Therefore, this paper mainly analyzes and studies the peak regulation and frequency regulation of energy storage auxiliary service system, and then conducts simulation analysis and research in small power grid.

First from the grid auxiliary service system, analysis and understand the grid auxiliary service measures. After that, the research status and development trend of current energy storage technology were understood, and detailed analysis and research were carried out mainly from mechanical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage and electrochemical energy storage. The advantages and research status of energy storage battery technology in power grid are studied and analyzed.

Then the technical characteristics and principle of the battery are analyzed in detail. At the same time, the control mode of energy storage inverter for auxiliary services is analyzed and studied, mainly focusing on P/Q control mode, V/f control mode and droop control mode. Confirm that the auxiliary peak regulation of energy storage battery adopts P/Q control mode, and the auxiliary frequency regulation of energy storage battery adopts droop control mode. Finally, the component modules of the inverter are analyzed in detail, and the principle interpretation and specific design of the power loop, voltage and current double loop controller, SPWM control technology and filter are mainly carried out.

Finally mainly to P/Q control mode and droop control method in detail, and the working principle and design ideas for auxiliary storage battery load frequency modulation inverter design concrete train of thought, and build inverter model and simple grid model, discussion and analysis in a battery energy storage system the size of the auxiliary power grid load frequency control ability.

Keywords: energy storage battery, auxiliary service, auxiliary peak modulation, auxiliary frequency modulation, inverter

目 录

摘 要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1储能系统辅助电网服务的背景和意义 1

1.2储能系统辅助电网服务的现阶段的研究及发展 2

1.3本文的主要工作 3

第二章 储能技术辅助电网工作的研究和分析 4

2.1 电网辅助服务的分析研究 4

2.2 储能技术研究现状及发展趋势 4

2.3 储能技术辅助电网的优势和研究现状 6

2.4 本文小结 7

第三章 储能电池的原理特性及PWM逆变器设计 8

3.1 储能电池的分析研究 8

3.1.1 储能电池的技术特点 8

3.1.2 储能电池的工作原理 8

3.1.3 全钒液流电池的化学反应理论 9

3.2 逆变器典型控制方法 9

3.2.1 P/Q控制 10

3.2.2 V/f控制方式 10

3.2.3 下垂控制 11

3.3 设计ＰＷＭ逆变器 12

3.3.1 功率环的设计 12

3.3.2 电压电流双环控制器设计 13

3.3.3 SPWM控制技术 14

3.3.4滤波器的设计 15

3.4 本章小结 16

第四章 储能电池辅助电网调峰的控制策略研宄 17

4.1 储能电池辅助调峰模型的搭建 17

4.2 储能电池辅助调峰仿真及分析 18

第五章 储能电池辅助电网调峰的控制策略研宄 21

5.1 储能电池辅助调频模型的搭建 21

5.2 下垂控制储能电池辅助系统仿真研究 23

第六章 总结与展望 25

6.1 总结 25

6.2 展望 25

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