论文总字数:23590字
摘 要
化石能源的储量已经难以满足社会发展的需求,且大量使用化石能源也会带来环境污染等诸多问题,大力发展清洁可再生能源可以解决这些问题,而风能作为最易被人类利用,可再生无污染的能源自上世纪八十年代以来被人们广泛重视,这促进了风力发电技术的发展。
现代大型并网风力发电机都是变速恒频机组,其中采用部分功率变换器的双馈发电机组具有成本低、制造难度小等优点从而获得了广泛应用。传统双馈风力发电机为有刷结构,为提高系统可靠性和减少维护工作量,新型无刷双馈风力发电机及其控制技术已成为当前的研究热点之一。
论文的研究内容主要包含以下几个部分:
- 介绍了国际能源消费背景和全球及中国国内的风电发展现状和未来风电发展的趋势预测,以及常用风电系统。
- 介绍了新型无刷双馈风力发电机的基本结构和工作原理。
- 学习MAXWELL ANSOFT软件,并用其建立发电机的二维有限元模型,确定边界条件。进行仿真并分析仿真结果。
- 分析了新型无刷双馈风力发电机系统的结构和工作原理,分别研究了风机、发电机、功率变换器的数学模型。
- 描述系统的控制策略,用Matlab/Simulink软件建立风力机、发电机、PWM变换器、控制器的仿真模型。
- 通过结果验证系统控制策略的可行性。
关键词:风力发电、无刷双馈电机、有限元、矢量控制、最大风能跟踪等
ABSTRACT
The reserves of fossil energy have been difficult to meet the needs of social development, and the large-scale use of fossil energy will also bring about environmental pollution and many other problems. The development of clean renewable energy can solve these problems, and wind energy is the most easily exploitable by humans. Polluted energy has been widely valued since the 1980s, which has promoted the development of wind power technology.
Modern large-scale grid-connected wind turbines are variable-speed constant-frequency units. The double-fed generator sets with partial power converters have the advantages of low cost and low manufacturing difficulty, and have been widely used. The traditional double-fed wind turbine generator has a brush structure. In order to improve system reliability and reduce maintenance workload, the new brushless doubly-fed wind turbine generator and its control technology have become one of the current research hotspots.
The research content of the thesis mainly includes the following parts:
1. Introduced the background of international energy consumption and the status quo of wind power development in the world and China, and the trend forecast of future wind power development, as well as common wind power systems.
2. The basic structure and working principle of the new brushless doubly-fed wind turbine are introduced.
3. Learn the MAXWELL ANSOFT software and use it to build a two-dimensional finite element model of the generator to determine the boundary conditions. Simulate and analyze the simulation results.
4. The structure and working principle of the new brushless doubly-fed wind turbine system are analyzed. The mathematical models of the fan, generator and power converter are studied respectively.
5. Describe the control strategy of the system, and use Matlab/Simulink software to build the simulation model of wind turbine, generator, PWM converter and controller.
6. Verify the feasibility of the system control strategy through the results.
Keywords: wind power generation, brushless doubly-fed electric machine, finite element, vector control, maximum wind energy tracking, etc.
目 录
摘 要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
第一章 绪论 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.1.1全球风电发展现状及发展趋势 1
1.1.2中国风电发展现状及发展趋势 2
1.2风力发电系统现状概述 3
1.2.1双馈型变速恒频风力发电系统 3
1.2.2永磁直驱型变速恒频风力发电系统 3
1.2.3存在的问题 4
第二章 新型无刷双馈风力发电机的结构、原理和有限元分析 5
2.1基本结构 5
2.2工作原理 7
2.3发电机的二维有限元模型 9
2.3.1定义材料 9
2.3.2建立几何模型 9
2.3.3网格剖分 10
2.4边界条件的确定 10
2.5基于有限元的新型无刷双馈风力发电机的求解和后处理 11
2.5.1发电机的永磁磁链 11
2.5.2发电机的空载反电动势 11
2.5.3发电机的电感 12
2.6本章小结 12
第三章 无刷双馈风力发电系统的工作原理和数学建模 13
3.1系统结构 13
3.2系统的工作原理 13
3.2.1系统的工作原理 13
3.2.2系统的双功率流 14
3.2.3系统的运行模式 15
3.3系统的数学模型 16
3.3.1风力机数学模型 16
3.3.2发电机数学模型 16
3.3.3旋转坐标系下的发电机模型 19
3.3.4 PWM变换器数学模型 20
3.4本章小结 21
第四章 无刷双馈风力发电系统的控制与仿真 22
4.1系统的控制 22
4.1.1电压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术 22
4.1.2最大风能跟踪控制策略 23
4.1.3机侧PWM变换器的控制策略 24
4.1.4网侧PWM变换器的控制策略 25
4.2系统的仿真建模 27
4.2.1风力机仿真模型 27
4.2.2无刷双馈风力发电机仿真模型 28
4.2.3 PWM变换器仿真模型 29
4.2.4 控制器仿真模型 30
4.3系统的仿真分析 31
4.3.1仿真参数设定 31
4.3.2 仿真结果分析 32
4.4本章小结 39
第五章 总结与展望 39
5.1论文总结 39
5.2后续展望 39
参考文献 40
致 谢 41
第一章 绪论
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