论文总字数:31446字
摘 要
为应对能源危机,加快能源转型,光伏、风电等分布式电源技术得到了飞速的发展,在配电网中的渗透比率也持续上升。由于分布式电源具有不稳定性和间歇性等特点,其大规模接入容易对电网的调控造成困难,因此利用储能装置来平抑分布式电源出力,提高配电网运行稳定性是目前的高效方法之一。储能在配电网中所接入的位置、容量不同,得到的结果也不相同,加上储能昂贵的成本,因此如何在总成本最小的情况下合理配置储能,并能提高配分布式电源的利用率是本文的主要研究。
本文首先对储能技术进行简单的介绍,包括各项储能技术的发展状况,利用储能技术实现收益的手段以及储能技术在配电网中起到的作用和研究现状。其次介绍了传统配电网面临日益增长的负荷需求和不断接入的分布式电源而产生的规划困难,扩建成本高等一系列难题,提出计及分布式储能的配电网规划,考虑储能投资和维护成本、购电费用、弃风弃光甩负荷等费用,建立以经济性最优的分布式储能规划模型,并利用二阶锥松弛法求解该模型,得到储能的最优选址、定容及充放电策略。最后用IEEE-33节点和重庆某实际地区作为算例,分析得到储能配置在配电网中具有改善电压分布、提高电压质量、减少弃光弃风量、提高能源利用率并降低总成本的作用。
关键词:分布式储能,经济性最优,储能规划模型,二阶锥松弛,电压质量,能源利用率
ABSTRACT
In order to cope with the energy crisis and accelerate energy transformation, distributed generation technologies such as photovoltaics and wind power have been developing rapidly, and the penetration ratio in the distribution network is rising rapidly. Due to its instability and intermittent nature, the distributed generation will impact the control of power grid if connected to the distribution network without any measures. Therefore, using energy storage devices to control the distributed generation output and improve the operational stability of the distribution network is currently considered as an efficient method. The results of the energy storage plan of the distribution network are different depending on the location and capacity. In addition, the cost of energy storage is high. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide a method of properly allocating energy storage in the case of minimum total cost and improve the utilization rate of distributed generation.
Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the energy storage technology, including the development status of various energy storage technologies, the ways to realize the profits by using energy storage technology, and the role and research status of energy storage technology in the distribution network. Secondly, it introduces a series of problems such as the difficulty in planning the traditional distribution network and the high price of the expansion, which are caused by increasing load demand and the continuous connection of distributed generations in the distribution network. And under the consideration of the cost of energy storage investment and maintenance, electricity purchase, and the cost of abandoned wind and photovoltaics, a distributed energy storage planning model to maximize the economic benefits is built in this paper. By solving the model in the second-order cone relaxation method, the optimal location, capacity and charging strategies of energy storage can be obtained. Finally, the IEEE-33 node and an actual area in Chongqing are used to analyze as examples. The analysis shows that the energy storage configuration has the functions of improving voltage distribution and quality, reducing abandoned photovoltaics and wind, boosting energy utilization rate and decreasing total cost in the distribution network.
KEY WORDS: distributed energy storage, optimizing economy, energy storage planning model, second-order cone relaxation, voltage quality, energy utilization rate
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1课题背景与意义 1
1.2储能技术简介 2
1.2.1储能技术现状 2
1.2.2储能技术在配电网中的作用 4
1.2.3储能技术的商业应用 5
1.2.4国内外研究现状 6
1.3本文主要工作 7
第二章 储能配置的优化建模 9
2.1模型概述 9
2.2目标函数 9
2.3约束条件 10
2.3.1储能投资约束 10
2.3.2出力约束 11
2.3.3潮流约束 11
2.3.4电压、电流、功率限制约束 12
2.3.5防孤岛约束 12
2.4求解方法 13
2.5本章小结 13
第三章 IEEE-33节点算例分析 14
3.1算例概况 14
3.2算例分析 18
3.2.1成本比较 18
3.2.2储能配置情况 19
3.2.3电压分析 21
3.2.4功率分析 22
3.3二阶锥检验 23
3.4本章小结 24
第四章 重庆某地区算例分析 25
4.1算例概况 25
4.2算例分析 29
4.2.1成本分析 29
4.2.2储能配置情况 29
4.2.3电压分析 30
4.2.4甩负荷分析 32
4.3本章小结 33
第五章 总结与展望 34
5.1论文研究工作总结 34
5.2存在的不足与展望 34
参考文献 35
致 谢 37
第一章 绪论
1.1课题背景与意义
随着全球经济的快速发展和化石能源等不可再生能源的不断开发利用,环境污染,能源短缺等问题愈渐显著。而电力用户仍不断增加,对用电量的需求也不断增加,仅靠化石能源为基础的火力发电供电只会加快能源衰竭。我国一次能源生产量从80年代初的接近10亿吨标准煤增长到目前的近40亿吨,全球用电量更是在2018年接近7万亿千瓦时。为应对如此庞大电力需求,加快能源转型,推进能源创新,发展风电、光伏等清洁能源是当前重要任务。
以风电、光伏为代表的新能源主要以分布式电源的形式接入到配电网中,但光伏和风电等新能源对大自然的依赖性比较高,出力易波动、稳定性低,控制困难,不易完全消纳,接入电网后会使电网运行状态频繁变化,对电网运行的安全性带来威胁。储能技术在大规模分布式电源接入和利用中起着重要的支撑作用[1],利用储能技术可以在负荷低谷及分布式电源充分工作时,将多余的电力存储起来,在负荷高峰期再把所储存的电力释放,提高分布式电源的消纳水平,减少弃光、弃风量。储能技术最显著的特点就是能够将当前时刻发电量保存后在之后时刻使用,是推动能源转型的重要技术,对电网的调度控制、规划建设上有着重要改进意义。
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