电动汽车模块式OBC电源CAN协议分析

论文总字数：23186字

摘 要

随着科技的发展，环境污染问题的严峻以及能源的逐渐枯竭，使用电能作为动力源的电动汽车已经逐步进入普通大众的视野中。其中电动汽车可以分为：纯电动汽车(EV)、混合动力汽车(PHEV)、燃料电池汽车(FCEV)，本文主要针对纯电动汽车。进入21世纪以来，电动汽车领域得到蓬勃式的发展，但电动汽车相比于燃油汽车却有个明显的缺陷，就是充电问题。

电动汽车的车载充电机（OBC）是保证电动汽车正常使用的重要装置，目前主要有铅酸蓄电池，动力锂电池，超级电容，钒电池等，其中动力锂电池应用最为广泛。OBC电源在充电过程主要是与汽车的电池管理系统BMS进行双向通信，获取电池的动态信息的同时，调整充电机的输出电压与电流，保证充电的安全性。本文主要围绕电动汽车OBC电源与BMS通信流程这一课题展开，首先简单概括国内外电动汽车发展历史与现状，然后对电动汽车常见的几种充电方式和其特点进行了详细的介绍，之后运用文献比拟和类比法，重点阐述和分析了电动汽车常用的动力锂电池的充电过程与电动汽车BMS（电池管理系统）的功能，最后总结前述内容，对电动汽车充电时OBC电源与BMS通信流程协议进行分析研究，并给出通信流程图。

关键词：电动汽车，OBC电源， 锂电池 ，电池管理系统 ，通信协议

ABSTRACT

With the development of science and technology, the severity of environmental pollution problems and the gradual depletion of energy sources, electric vehicles that use electric energy as a power source have gradually entered the general public's field of vision. Among them, electric vehicles can be divided into pure electric vehicles (EV), hybrid vehicles (PHEV), and fuel cell vehicles (FCEV). This thesis focuses on pure electric vehicles. Since entering the 21st century, the field of electric vehicles has been vigorously developed, but comparing to fuel vehicles, electric vehicles have a significant defect which is charging.

The on board of charger (OBC) of electric vehicles is an important device for ensuring the normal use of electric vehicles. At present, there are mainly lead-acid batteries, power lithium batteries, super capacitors, vanadium batteries, among which power lithium batteries are the most widely used. The charging process of OBC mainly involves two-way communication with the battery management system (BMS) of the automobile. When the battery dynamic information is obtained, the output voltage and current of the charger are adjusted to ensure the safety of the charging. This article focuses on the topic of electric vehicle OBC power supply and BMS communication process. First, it briefly summarizes the development history and current status of electric vehicles at home and abroad. Then it introduces several common charging methods and characteristics of electric vehicles.Then using the method of literature review and comparison,this thesis focuses on the analysis of the charging process of the power lithium battery commonly used in electric vehicles and the function of the electric vehicle BMS (battery management system). Finally, the preceding content is summarized,the protocol of OBC power supply and BMS communication flow during the charging of electric vehicle is analyzed and researched, and then the communication flow chart is given.

KEY WORDS: electric vehicles，OBC power ，lithium battery ，Battery Management Systems ，communication protocol

目 录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景意义 1

1.1.1研究背景 1

1. 1.2研究意义 1

1.2电动汽车发展历史与现状 2

1.2.1 国外电动汽车发展历史与现状 2

1.2.2 国内电动汽车发展历史与现状 3

1.3论文研究内容和结构 5

1.3.1论文研究内容 5

1.3.2 论文结构 5

1.4 本章小结 6

第二章 电动汽车主要充电方式 7

2.1 交流充电 7

2.2 直流充电 7

2.3 换电技术 7

2.4无线电充电 8

2.5 本章小结 8

第三章 锂电池的充电过程 10

3.1 锂电池工作原理 10

3.2 锂电池充电过程 11

3.2.1 涓流充电（低压预充） 11

3.2.2 恒流充电（快充过程） 12

3.2.3 恒压充电（满充过程） 12

3.2.4 终止充电 12

3.3 本章小结 12

第四章 OBC电源与BMS通信流程协议 13

4.1 BMS简介 13

4.2 BMS功能 13

4.2.1 动态监测技术 13

4.2.2 SOC技术 13

4.2.3 单体电池充放电均衡技术 14

4.3BMS存在的问题 14

4.4 OBC电源与BMS通信流程 15

4.4.1 握手阶段 15

4.4.2 配置阶段 15

4.4.3 充电阶段 16

4.4.4 充电结束 16

4.5 本章小结 18

第五章 总结与展望 19

5.1 总结 19

5.2 展望 19

参考文献 20

第一章 绪论

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