基于虚拟同步发电机的光伏发电系统并网控制

论文总字数：14457字

摘 要

随着当代社会发展的日益加快，人类现如今正在剧烈消耗着一系列的化石能源，例如煤、石油、天然气等，这些不可再生能源一旦被消耗便是不可逆转的。由于消耗化石能源而带来的生态环境污染和资源匮乏等问题日益突出，使得转变能源的消费结构，推动可再生能源和清洁型能源的开发和利用已经成为全世界政府的共同呼声。许多国家已经做出大规模开发利用太阳能发电、风力发电的决策和规划，一个以新能源发电为标志的电力系统新时代正在到来。

在国家大力倡导发展新能源的大背景下，太阳能凭借其可再生、无污染和储量大等特点从而广受青睐。近年来，光伏发电容量在电力系统中所占比例不断增加，但光伏发电受环境制约因素较大，譬如当光照强度剧烈变化时，光伏发电系统的输出有功无功会有较大的波动，会对电网的稳定性造成较为严重的影响。针对上述问题，本文为大家带来讲解了一种虚拟同步发电机（Virtual Synchronous Generator，VSG）的控制策略，使得光伏发电系统发出的电能功率稳定，且满足电网波动要求。同时VSG也对国家电网显示出同步发电机的特性,根据用户端的负荷变化,并以此为根据调节自身的有功无功功率,维持系统电能质量稳定,显著提高了光伏发电系统并网性能。

关键词：光伏发电；虚拟同步发电机；并网控制

Abstract

With the rapid development of modern society, human beings are now consuming a series of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, etc., which are irreversible once consumed. As the ecological environment pollution and resource shortage caused by the consumption of fossil energy become increasingly prominent, it has become the common voice of governments all over the world to change the consumption structure of energy and promote the development and utilization of renewable energy and clean energy. Many countries have made the large-scale development of solar power, wind power generation decisions and planning, a new era of power system marked by new energy generation is coming.

Against the background of the country vigorously advocating the development of new energy, solar energy is widely favored by virtue of its characteristics of renewable, pollution-free and large reserves. In recent years, the proportion of photovoltaic power generation capacity in the power system has been increasing, but photovoltaic power generation is greatly restricted by environmental factors. For example, when the intensity of light changes dramatically, the active and reactive power output of photovoltaic power generation system will fluctuate greatly, which will seriously affect the stability of the power grid. In view of the above problem, this paper raises a Virtual Synchronous Generator (Virtual Synchronous Generator, VSG) and the control strategy of photovoltaic power generation system to the power grid stable and less volatile, at the same time also showed the characteristics of the Synchronous Generator to power grid, according to the load fluctuations, adjust their own active reactive power, to maintain the system frequency, waveform and voltage stability, effectively improve the performance of photovoltaic (pv) grid power generation.

Keywords: photovoltaic power generation；virtual synchronous generator；grid-connected control

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1光伏并网发电背景介绍 1

1.2 光伏产业及其并网发电系统 1

1.3 国内外研究现状 3

1.4 本篇论文研究的内容 4

第二章 光伏发电原理分析 5

2.1 有关太阳能光伏发电的基本原理 5

2.2 光伏电池的工作特性 6

2.3 光伏发电系统的结构 7

2.4 跟踪最大功率法 8

第三章 基于虚拟同步发电机的光伏并网控制系统 10

3.1 同步发电机数学模型 10

3.2虚拟同步发电机技术及实现 12

3.3 转子仿真模型 13

3.4定子仿真模型 13

3.5 功频控制器 14

3.6励磁控制器 16

3.7 虚拟同步发电机模型整体搭建 18

第四章 仿真结果分析 20

4.1关于频率的仿真结果分析 20

(一) 频率f=40Hz 20

(二) 频率f=45Hz 21

(三) 频率f=48Hz 22

(四) 频率f=50Hz 23

(五) 频率f=55Hz 24

(六) 结论 24

致谢 25

参考文献 26

第一章 绪论

1.1光伏并网发电背景介绍

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