基于单片机的蓄电池容量测试系统

论文总字数：17236字

摘 要

蓄电池是一种安全且供电可靠的直流电源，广泛用于电力、通讯和石化领域。然而单节蓄电池因电压不够无法驱使电瓶车，人们为了获取较高电压，采用了多节蓄电池进行串联。由于每一个单体的蓄电池存在着差异，在电瓶车使用了一段时间后，电池组中的个别电池性能降低导致整体系统性能下降，电瓶车因此无法续航很远。由于蓄电池内部是化学反应，不易于被发现，而它的好坏将会影响到生产生活，因此，需要找到一种便捷的测量方法，来对蓄电池的运行状态进行实时监测。针对上述蓄电池的状况及国内外测量技术要求，在详细分析了蓄电池监测原理的基础上设计了一种基于单片机的蓄电池容量测量系统，给出了系统总体设计框图及硬件模块组成，对单片机主控模块、电源模块、信号放大与A/D采样转换模块、键盘显示模块等进行了设计，为系统编写了相关软件。对系统进行了安装与调试，并利用该系统对蓄电池的测量进行了测量，试验结果表明，系统可以很好的对电池容量进行实时监控，快速测出电瓶车蓄电池的容量。

关键词：蓄电池，单片机，A/D采样转换

Abstract: The battery is a safe and reliable DC power supply, widely used in the power, communications and petrochemical fields. However, a single battery cannot drive the battery car because of insufficient voltage. In order to obtain higher voltage, multiple series batteries are used in series. Since there is a difference in the battery of each single cell, after the battery car has been used for a period of time, the performance of the individual cells in the battery pack is degraded and the overall system performance is degraded, so that the battery car is unable to circulate for a long time. Because the battery inside is a chemical reaction, it is not easy to be found, and its quality will affect the production and life. Therefore, it is necessary to find a convenient measurement method to monitor the running status of the battery in real time. Aiming at the above battery condition and measurement requirements at home and abroad, based on a detailed analysis of the battery monitoring principle, a battery capacity measurement system based on single-chip microcomputer was designed. The overall design block diagram of the system and the hardware module composition were given. Modules, power modules, signal amplification and A/D sampling conversion modules, and keyboard display modules were designed and related software was written for the system. The system was installed and debugged, and the measurement of the battery was measured using the system. The test results show that the system can monitor the battery capacity in real time and quickly measure the battery capacity of the battery car.

Keywords: Battery, microcontroller, A/D sampling conversion

目录

1 绪论 3

1.1 研究背景 3

1.2 蓄电池监测的国内外现状 3

1.3 蓄电池容量监测系统的前景和实际意义 4

1.4 设计的思路 4

2 蓄电池监测的原理 4

2.1 铅酸蓄电池工作原理 4

2.2 铅酸蓄电池的容量 5

2.3 蓄电池容量监测方法的研究 6

2.4 小结 7

3 监测系统总体设计要求 7

3.1 系统总体结构 7

3.2 监测系统总体设计 7

4 系统硬件模块设计 8

4.1 最小系统模块 8

4.2显示模块 10

4.3 信号采集模块 11

4.4 电源电路模块 12

4.5 系统总原理图设计 13

5 系统软件设计 14

5.1 选择编程语言 15

5.2系统主程序设计 15

5.3 系统子程序设计 16

6 系统的安装与调试 18

6.1 系统的安装 18

6.2 系统的调试及结果分析 19

结论 21

参考文献 22

致 谢 23

附录一 24

1 绪论

1.1 研究背景

现如今，随着科技的进步，电瓶车和电动汽车越来越占据着交通的主流。据不完全统计，中国现在约有2.5亿辆电动两轮车。这些电瓶车，都使用了蓄电池供电。蓄电池组是系统由内向外供电的唯一设备，它为电力系统和通信系统中的信号装置、继电保护装置和控制 装置等重要的负载提供了驱使它们工作的电源，它的工作性能的好坏将会直接对电力系统和通信系统的安全可靠性产生影响。^[1]有时，电瓶车上仪表盘显示的电量是虚的，实际上它并不能以满容量算。因而为了保证人们在骑电瓶车时 ，能够获得良好的续航能力，我们务必要能够去保证蓄电池组工作性能的稳定良好性。所以在线实时监测蓄电池的容量，不仅有利于维护和保养蓄电池，也可以及时发现蓄电池的不足，提早更换，以达到节约资源，保护环境的效果。

1.2 蓄电池监测的国内外现状

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