论文总字数：23820字

摘 要

ABSTRACT iii

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 3D打印技术在建筑中的应用 1

1.3 3D打印技术的三种分类 2

1.3.1 直接3DP打印技术——D型工艺 2

1.3.2 间接3DP打印技术——轮廓工艺 2

1.3.3 FDC打印技术——混凝土打印 3

1.4 本文主要研究内容 4

1.5 本章小结 4

第二章 混凝土配合比实验 5

2.1 引言 5

2.2 实验材料和性能指标 5

2.3 3D打印设备 5

2.4 配合比设计指标 6

2.5 原理分析 6

2.6 配合比试验方案 7

2.7 实验结果及分析 9

2.8本章小结 17

第三章 试件性能检验 18

3.1 引言 18

3.2 试件抗压实验 18

3.3 实验结果描述 19

3.4结果评价 23

3.5本章小结 24

第四章 结论与展望 25

4.1结论 25

4.2展望 26

致 谢 31

参考文献 32

摘 要

三维打印混凝土技术是在三维打印技术的基础上发展起来的应用于混凝土施工的新技术，其主要工作原理是将配置好的混凝土浆体通过挤出装置，在三维软件的控制下，按照预先设置好的打印程序，由喷嘴挤出进行打印，最终得到设计的混凝土构件。混凝土三维打印技术是将普通3D打印技术与水泥等固体无机物材料结合的新技术，适用于建筑施工方面，主要分为3DP直接打印技术，间接3DP打印技术和打印技术FDC。

本文对3种打印技术进行了对比比较，分析了3种打印技术的优缺点，3D打印建筑对混凝土的原材料和配合比提出了新的要求，对于3D打印混凝土，有两个必要条件，一个是较好的粘稠度，混凝土需要从喷嘴中顺利挤出并形成条状物，另一个是较高的早期强度，基础的混凝土需要具备足够高的强度，支撑上一层的混凝土，不至于发生变形，同时还要保证层与层之间的粘结力。对混凝土配合比进行重新设计，从而满足混凝土三维打印施工要求，是本文的主要研究内容之一，找出新的配合比设计理念，获得强度高，耐久性好，符合3D打印建筑要求的混凝土材料。

本文重点探讨3D打印混凝土的力学性能，为了获得施工性好，力学性能优秀的混凝土，重点设计配合比实验，通过正交实验设计，获得较为理想的混凝土配合比设计，并检验所得试件的力学性能。同时，还分析了材料的混合比例及减水剂，缓凝剂和早强剂对材料性能的影响。

关键词：3D打印混凝土，配合比设计，力学性能研究

ABSTRACT

3D printing concrete technology is a new technology applied to concrete construction developed on the basis of 3D printing technology. Its main working principle is to pass the configured concrete slurry through an extrusion device, under the control of three-dimensional software, according to preset settings. A good printing program, which is printed out by the nozzle, prints the final concrete structure. Concrete 3D printing technology is a new technology that combines ordinary 3D printing technology with solid inorganic materials such as cement, and is suitable for construction. It is mainly divided into direct 3DP printing technology, indirect 3DP printing technology and FDC printing technology.

3D printing architecture puts forward new requirements for the raw materials and mix ratio of concrete. For 3D printed concrete, there are two necessary conditions, one is a good viscosity, and the concrete needs to be smoothly extruded from the nozzle and form a strip. The other is a high early strength. The foundation concrete needs to have a sufficiently high strength to support the upper layer of concrete so that it does not deform, and at the same time, the adhesion between layers is ensured. Redesigning the concrete mix ratio to meet the 3D printing construction requirements of concrete is one of the main research contents of this paper. It finds a new design concept of mix ratio, and obtains concrete materials with high strength and durability, which meets the 3D printing construction requirements.

The design code of concrete strength is based on the theory of resisting strength test for 28 days. However, in the design of mechanical strength of 3D printed concrete, the mechanical state must be taken into consideration in the whole course of hardening and hardening of concrete. The machinability of concrete materials, but also to evaluate the growth of mechanical behavior.

Key words: 3D printing concrete, mix design, mechanical properties

绪论

引言

3D打印混凝土是一项新的基于增材制造成型工艺的建造技术。混凝土材料能否保持连续、均匀的可挤出性，保持足够的层间黏结性以及拥有足够的强度去支撑后打印层的可塑造性，是实现混凝土 3D 打印的关键。3D 打印混凝土除了要满足传统混凝土性能要求外，还需满足 3D打印建筑工作性能、力学性能以及耐久性要求，如可挤出性要求、黏结性要求、可塑造性要求以及凝结时间和打印强度的控制等要求^[1-5]。

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