论文总字数：26947字

摘 要

本文研究了蜂窝夹芯板尺寸参数对其隔声能力的影响，给出了不同尺寸参数对蜂窝夹芯板隔声能力的灵敏度，并得出等质量条件下增强蜂窝夹心板隔声能力的尺寸参数修改建议，为工程实际的减噪优化提供了一定的参考。

本文采用了声学有限元方法，对铝蜂窝夹芯板的隔声性能进行了分析，建立了在混响声源激励下的铝蜂窝夹芯板的声-振耦合分析模型，并根据分析结果，评估蜂窝板在噪声激励下的整体隔声性能。为后续研究蜂窝夹芯板几何参数对传声性能的影响做了良好的铺垫。同时本研究也考虑了蜂窝内声场对蜂窝板传声损失的影响，计算结果表明，内部声场对蜂窝板的声传递损失十分微小。原因可能是铝蜂窝板刚度较大，内声场对结构刚度影响较小，因此在研究蜂窝夹芯结构尺寸参数对隔声性能影响时，可以不考虑蜂窝内声场的影响。

得到蜂窝夹芯板的传声损失曲线后，通过对不同尺寸参数进行微小的摄动，运用有限差分法求出各个尺寸对蜂窝板传声损失的灵敏度，结果表明：增加蜂窝壁厚、蜂窝芯高度和上下面板厚度都能够增强蜂窝板的隔声能力，而蜂窝壁长的增加反而会降低蜂窝板的隔声能力；蜂窝夹芯板的蜂窝壁厚对结构的声学性能影响最大，其声学灵敏度远高于其他尺寸参数。根据灵敏度的大小，以总质量不变作为约束条件，改变蜂窝板的尺寸参数进行声学有限元分析，结果表明：在满足结构要求的前提下，保持蜂窝芯质量不变，增加蜂窝芯层壁厚，能够使得结构的隔声能力更强；蜂窝夹芯板其他尺寸参数不变的情况下，增加蜂窝壁厚而减小上下面板厚度会降低其隔声能力。

关键词：蜂窝夹芯板；声振耦合；声学有限元法；传声损失

Abstract

In this paper, the influence of the size parameters of honeycomb sandwich panels on sound insulation ability is studied. The sensitivity of different size parameters to the sound insulation ability of honeycomb sandwich panels is given. The suggestion of size parameter modification for improving the sound insulation ability of honeycomb sandwich panels under equal mass conditions is proposed, which provides some reference for the optimization of noise reduction in engineering practice.

In this paper, the acoustic performance of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panels is analyzed by acoustic finite element method. The acoustic solid coupling analysis model of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel was established under the excitation of reverberation sound source. The sound insulation performance of the honeycomb plate under the noise excitation was evaluated. It lays a good foundation for further study of the influence of geometric parameters of honeycomb sandwich panels on sound transmission performance. The effect of the honeycomb sound field on the sound loss of the honeycomb plate is also considered, the calculation results show that the acoustic transmission loss of the honeycomb plate is very small. The reason may be that the stiffness of the aluminum honeycomb plate is larger and the internal sound field has little influence on the structural stiffness, so it can not consider the influence of the sound field in the honeycomb sandwich structure when studying the influence of the size parameters of the honeycomb sandwich structure on the sound insulation.

After obtaining the sound loss curve of the honeycomb plate, the sensitivity of the sound loss of the honeycomb panels is calculated by the finite difference method by the finite difference method. The results show that the increase of the cell wall thickness, the height of the honeycomb core and the thickness of the upper and lower panels can enhance the sound insulation ability of the honeycomb plate. The increase of wall length will reduce the sound insulation ability of honeycomb panels. It is also found that honeycomb sandwich wall thickness has the greatest impact on the acoustic performance of the structure, and its acoustic sensitivity is much higher than other size parameters. According to the size of the sensitivity, the size parameters of the honeycomb plate are changed with the constant mass as constraints, and the acoustic finite element analysis is carried out to change the size parameters of the honeycomb plate. The results show that, under the premise of meeting the requirements of the structure, it keeps the quality of the honeycomb core unchanged and increases the wall thickness of the honeycomb core, and can make the structure sound insulated more; When other size parameters are constant, increasing the thickness of honeycomb walls and reducing the thickness of the upper and lower panels will reduce the sound insulation ability.

Key words: Honeycomb sandwich plates; Acoustic-structural coupling; Acoustic finite element method; Sound transmission loss.

目录

摘要 I

Abstract Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 本文主要研究内容 3

第二章 结构声-耦合理论分析 4

2.1 引言 4

2.2 声学有限元理论 4

2.2.1 声学基本方程 4

2.2.2 非耦合声学有限元 5

2.2.3 耦合声学有限元 6

2.2.4 声学有限元仿真发展历程 7

2.3 混响场理论 8

2.4 本章小结 9

第三章 蜂窝夹芯板传声损失计算 10

3.1 引言 10

3.2 蜂窝夹芯结构建模 10

3.2.1 蜂窝夹芯结构主要参数 10

3.2.2 蜂窝夹芯板的有限元建模 11

3.3 蜂窝夹芯结构模态分析 12

3.4 蜂窝夹芯结构传声损失仿真计算 13

3.4.1 仿真原理 13

3.4.2 建立模型 14

3.4.3 结果分析 16

3.4.4 内声场对传声损失的影响 19

3.5 本章小结 21

第四章 尺寸参数对蜂窝板传声损失的影响 22

4.1 引言 22

4.2 灵敏度分析方法 22

4.3 蜂窝夹芯板尺寸参数对传声损失的灵敏度分析 22

4.4 参数分析 25

4.4.1 蜂窝壁厚度、蜂窝壁长度与蜂窝芯高度 25

4.4.2 蜂窝壁厚度与上下面板厚度 26

4.5 本章小结 27

第五章 结论与展望 28

5.1 结论 28

5.2 展望 28

致谢 29

参考文献 30

绪论

研究意义

作为一种典型的夹芯结构，蜂窝夹芯板以其优异的力学性能在航空航天、汽车工业等领域应用较多。在实际问题中，如飞行器舱壁外的振动噪声对内部产生影响、高速列车地板面临的振动载荷和声压载荷激励，都是工程中很常见的问题。因此研究蜂窝夹芯板的结构振动特性及隔声性能有一定的工程应用价值。

在许多工程问题中，保证结构强度、刚度等性能满足要求的条件下，对目标的重量进行优化可以降低投入成本。本研究以铝蜂窝夹心板为研究对象，以重量为约束边界，开展蜂窝夹芯板在噪声激励下的声-固耦合分析。通过对蜂窝夹芯板主要尺寸参数进行灵敏度计算分析，得出各个尺寸参数对整体隔声性能的影响程度大小，再设定不同工况进行分析，得到等质量条件下提高蜂窝夹芯板隔声性能尺寸参数的设计方法，为工程结构中受到声压及振动载荷激励下蜂窝夹芯结构隔声性能优化的尺寸设计提供了参考。

国内外研究现状

复杂板壳结构具有优良的物理及力学性能，如质量轻、刚度大、优良的抗冲击性能等，在汽车、舰船/轮船及运载火箭的外结构等应用广泛^{[1]~[2][4][5][6]}。夹芯板结构一般是在多层面板中间夹一层或者多层芯体，特殊的组合方式决定了其优异的力学性能。

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