燃气-蒸汽联合循环热电厂生产优化调度与经济运行研究

论文总字数：38061字

摘 要

国家对节能减排愈加重视，排气标准也越来越高，以往的燃煤电厂已经不允许大量建设，甚至高能耗、高污染机组已经逐步关停，取而代之的是越来越多的新建燃气—蒸汽联合循环热电厂对外供电与供热。但给定负荷在机组间分配时，无法确保电厂机组在负荷分配最优方案下运行。目前，燃料价格的提升和国内电价政策的滞后给热电厂的经济性带来巨大的挑战，因此有必要通过研究热电厂生产优化调度提高电厂的整体运行效益。

本文以某配置有3套燃气-蒸汽联合循环热电联产机组的热电厂为研究对象，进行优化运行模型、算法与应用的研究。针对该厂3台6F01燃机加2台抽凝式汽轮机或1台背压式汽轮机的配置，分别进行背压式和抽凝式联合循环机组的性能分析，并建立数学模型。基于在满足相同热力和发电负荷条件下，热电厂发电和供热综合气耗最低的最优化原则，将热力和发电负荷需求通过枚举法，在各台机组中进行热力和发电负荷的优化分配。采用了Microsoft Visual C 6.0软件，实现负荷最优分配的程序设计，同时软件具备计算不同分配方案气耗量的功能，便于用户进行联合循环负荷最优分配方案的验证和运行方式的决策。

通过软件计算结果与实际运行数据对比，验证本文优化计算的准确性和可靠性。当发电和供热负荷发生变化时，通过本文的优化计算分析，可以指导运行人员及时调整运行状态，满足生产需求, 改善供热质量，降低运行成本，实现经济运行。相关研究对智能化热网的建设与实现具有重要意义。

关键词：燃气－蒸汽联合循环机组；联合优化调度；枚举法

ABSTRACT

The state pays more attention to energy conservation and emission reduction, and the exhaust standards are getting higher and higher. In the past, coal-fired power plants have not allowed large-scale construction, and even high-energy-consuming and highly-polluting units have been gradually shut down. Instead, more and more newly-built gas has been replaced. - External power supply and heating for steam combined cycle thermal power plants. However, when a given load is distributed among the units, it cannot be guaranteed that the power plant will operate under the optimal load sharing scheme. At present, the increase in fuel prices and the lag in domestic electricity price policies have brought enormous challenges to the economic performance of thermal power plants. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the overall operating efficiency of power plants by studying the optimal scheduling of thermal power plant production.

In this paper, a thermal power plant equipped with three sets of gas-steam combined cycle co-generation units is taken as the research object, and the optimization operation model, algorithm and application are studied. For the configuration of 3 sets of 6F01 gas turbines and 2 sets of condensed-condensation turbines or 1 back-pressure turbine, the performance analysis of the back-pressure and pumping combined cycle units was carried out respectively, and a mathematical model was established. Based on the principle of minimizing the overall gas consumption of thermal power plant power generation and heating under the same conditions of heat and power generation load, the heat and power generation load requirements are enumerated to optimize the distribution of heat and power generation load in each unit. Microsoft Visual C 6.0 software is used to realize the program design of the optimal load distribution. At the same time, the software has the function of calculating the gas consumption of different distribution plans. It is convenient for the user to perform the verification of the combined cycle optimal load distribution plan and the decision of the operating mode.

Keywords: gas-steam combined cycle unit; joint optimization scheduling; enumeration

目 录

摘要.....................................................................................................................................................................Ⅱ

ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................................................Ⅲ

目录......................................................................................................................................................................Ⅳ

1. 绪论..........................................................................................................................................................1

1.1选题背景..................................................................................................................................................1

1.2燃气-蒸汽联合循环发展现状.................................................................................................................1

1.3联合循环优化调度研究现状..................................................................................................................2

1.3.1联合循环优化负荷现行算法.......................................................................................................2

1.3.2联合循环优化负荷的应用...........................................................................................................3

1.3.3联合循环优化负荷目前困境.......................................................................................................3

1.4本文主要工作..........................................................................................................................................4

第二章 燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组发电、供热特点..............................................................................................5

2.1燃气-蒸汽联合循环机理.........................................................................................................................5

2.2联合循环性能计算..................................................................................................................................6

2.3环境因素对燃气-蒸汽联合循环影响.....................................................................................................8

2.4燃气轮机简述..........................................................................................................................................9

2.5抽凝式汽轮机简述................................................................................................................................10

2.6背压式汽轮机简述................................................................................................................................10

第三章 联合循环机组负荷优化分配................................................................................................................12

3.1引言........................................................................................................................................................12

3.2背压机组数学模型................................................................................................................................12

3.2.1性能保证工况下背压机组数学模型.........................................................................................12

3.2.2其余工况下背压机组数学模型.................................................................................................14

3.3抽凝机组数学模型................................................................................................................................14

3.3.1性能保证工况下抽凝机组数学模型.........................................................................................14

3.3.2其余工况下抽凝机组数学模型.................................................................................................17

3.4本章小结................................................................................................................................................17

1. 联合循环机组负荷优化软件的设计与测试........................................................................................18

4.1引言........................................................................................................................................................18

4.2负荷分配逻辑........................................................................................................................................18

4.3负荷优化算法与实现............................................................................................................................19

4.3.1算法实现平台——Microsoft Visual C 6.0............................................................................19

4.3.2建立背压式机组数学模型.........................................................................................................20

4.3.3建立抽凝式机组数学模型.........................................................................................................21

4.3.4建立背压式机组加抽凝式机组数学模型.................................................................................22

4.3.5建立两组抽凝式机组数学模型.................................................................................................23

4.3.6建立背压式机组加两组抽凝式机组数学模型.........................................................................25

4.4联合循环负荷优化方案验证................................................................................................................26

4.4.1低负荷案例分析.........................................................................................................................26

4.4.2中负荷案例分析.........................................................................................................................30

4.4.3高负荷案例分析.........................................................................................................................34

4.5本章小结................................................................................................................................................35

第五章 结论与展望............................................................................................................................................36

5.1 主要工作与结论...................................................................................................................................36

5.2未来工作及展望....................................................................................................................................36

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