污泥间接干燥系统设计

论文总字数：31891字

摘 要

我国社会经济的发展，带来的是城市人口迅速增长，从而导致污水的排放量不断提高。为了贯彻国家的一系列环保政策，满足不断提高的环境要求，越来越多的污水需要得到处理，由此产生的污泥量大大提高。污泥中的水分含量很高，即使经过机械脱水的污泥，其水分含量仍然高达80%，远远无法满足生产的需要；而且污泥中有机物含量很高，内部充斥着许许多多的病原菌、病毒和寄生生物，这些微生物容易使污泥腐烂并发出臭味；除此之外，污泥中还富含铜、铅、锌和镉等重金属及其有毒化合物，如果对污泥随意处置或者搁置，将会严重的污染环境。由此可见，缩小污泥的体积、除去污泥的有毒物质是污泥处理的主要研究方向。在过去的一段时间里，通常使用土地填埋的方法来处理污泥，但是现在污泥量大幅提高而土地资源日益紧缺，该方法明显已经不可取，为此探索新的污泥处理方法显得尤为重要。本课题是在了解现有污泥处理技术的基础上，设计一条污泥间接干燥的工艺系统。该系统采用空心桨叶式干燥机对初始含水率为60%的湿污泥进行间接干燥，最后得到含水率为20%的干污泥；该系统还包含尾气净化处理装置，对干燥所产生的废气先除尘，后除臭，最后达标排放。除尘装置选用的是目前应用最广泛的旋风分离器，而除臭则是选用新型的低温等离子体除臭技术。对于该系统所需要的其他设备，本课题也进行了简略的计算与选型。

关键词：污泥间接干燥；空心桨叶式干燥机；旋风除尘器；低温等离子体

Abstract

With the development of China's social economy, the rapid growth of urban population, leading to continuous improvement of sewage discharge. In order to implement a series of national environmental policies and to meet the ever-increasing environmental requirements, more and more sewage needs to be processed, resulting in a significant increase in the amount of sludge. Sludge moisture content is high, the sludge that after the mechanical dehydration moisture content is generally 80%, far from being able to meet the needs of production. And the organic matter in the sludge is very high, the organic matter component is filled with a variety of bacteria, viruses and parasites, it is easy to rot and smell. In addition, the sludge also concentrated copper, lead, zinc and cadmium and other heavy metal compounds, and some toxic organic compounds, if the sludge can not be properly treated, will cause serious secondary pollution to the environment. It can be seen that the reduction of sludge volume, the removal of toxic substances in sludge is the main research direction of sludge treatment.In the past time, sludge treatment usually used landfill method, but now the amount of sludge increased significantly and land resources are increasingly scarce, landfill method is not desirable, to explore the new sludge treatment method is particularly important. This topic is based on the understanding of existing sludge treatment technology,to design an indirect drying system for sludge. The system uses a hollow paddle dryer to dry the wet sludge with an initial moisture content of 60% and finally dry sludge with a moisture content of 20%. The system also includes exhaust gas purification treatment device, first remove the dust in the exhaust gas, then remove the odor, and final discharged. Dust removal device is cyclone separator which is the most widely used at present,and use low-temperature plasma to remove the odor which is a new technology. For the other equipment needed by the system, the subject has also been briefly calculated and selected.

Key words:Indirect drying for sludge. Hollow paddle dryer. Cyclone separator. Low-temperature plasma.

目 录

第一章 绪论........................................................................................................................................ 1

1.1设计背景…….…..………….………….……..…….……………………………….….……......... 1

1.2污泥处理的目的……......…...……...………………….....……….……...……………...………. 1

1.3国内外污泥处理技术………………….……………………………………........……...…….... 1

1.4我国污泥处理现状........................................................................................................................ 2

1.5污泥干燥技术综述........................................................................................................................ 2

1.5.1污泥干燥定义.................................................................................................................................. 2

1.5.2污泥干燥特性及过程...................................................................................................................... 3

1.5.3污泥干燥方法.................................................................................................................................. 3

1.6污泥间接干燥系统构成............................................................................................................... 4

1.7污泥干燥的安全问题.................................................................................................................... 5

1.7.1粉尘爆炸及预防措施...................................................................................................................... 5

1.7.2设备的安全性考虑.......................................................................................................................... 5

第二章 设计说明书........................................................................................................................ 6

2.1概述.................................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1.1设计任务.......................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1.2设计原则.......................................................................................................................................... 6

2.2工艺设计及流程图........................................................................................................................ 6

2.3工艺中各设备的设计计算........................................................................................................... 7

2.3.1楔形桨叶式干燥机.......................................................................................................................... 7

2.3.2旋风除尘器................................................................................................................................... .10

2.3.3洗涤塔............................................................................................................................................ 13

2.3.4低温等离子体除臭装置................................................................................................................ 17

2.3.5风机................................................................................................................................................ 19

2.3.6水泵................................................................................................................................................ 22

2.4总结.................................................................................................................................................. 23

2.4.1主要设备的数量及说明................................................................................................................ 23

2.4.2主要设备参数................................................................................................................................ 23

致谢.......................................................................................................................................................... 25

参考文献................................................................................................................................................. 26

污泥间接干燥系统设计

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