论文总字数:25686字
摘 要
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摘 要
为探究潮湿的煤炭颗粒在产生堆积时的堆积休止角的大小与颗粒表面粘湿性的关系,本文中设计了实物实验与数值模拟相结合,得到了颗粒含水率与颗粒堆积休止角大小的关系。
实验选用了水分含量不同的同种煤炭颗粒作为研究对象。将煤炭颗粒放置在模拟用小型料仓中,使其自然下落产生堆积,然后将颗粒堆的外轮廓线描绘在纸板上,对不平整的轮廓线进行拟合与测量,得到堆积休止角的大小。通过手动向煤炭颗粒中添加水分得到不同含水量的颗粒物,主要改变了颗粒间的液桥力与摩擦力大小,重复进行了十五组实验,煤炭颗粒的含水率从6%到13.5%。对比研究了每组实验得到堆积休止角的大小,结合数据与图形分析,结果表明随着颗粒水分含量增加,颗粒表面粘湿性增加,颗粒的堆积休止角呈现上升的趋势。
数值模拟程序使用VisualBasic编写,程序中把颗粒物简化成方格单元,每个方格受到来自其相邻方格的作用力。作用力的数学模型为“坍塌力”,即使堆积物料由高处向低处坍塌的作用力。程序中在每一时步内分析了方格单元的所受到的合力,运用牛顿运动定律得到了该单元的运动与位移情况,并套用在下一时步内,进行循环分析。模拟得到的结果与实验的结果具有较好的一致性。
利用所研究的数值模拟方法,能够较好的预测潮湿颗粒物堆积产生的堆积休止角大小,有助于提高工程上运输与储存的效率。
关键词:湿颗粒,堆积休止角,液桥力,离散元法
Abstract
In order to explore the relationship between the size of the repose angle of wet coal particles and the viscous-wet property of the particle surface, the physical experiment and numerical simulation were designed in this paper, and the relationship between the moisture content of particles and the repose angle of particles was obtained.
The same kind of coal particles with different moisture content were selected as the research object in the experiment. The coal particles are placed in a small warehouse for simulation, so that they fall naturally and accumulate. Then the outline of the coal particles is drawn on the cardboard, and the uneven outline is fitted and measured to get the size of the repose angle of accumulation. Particulates with different water content were obtained by manually adding water to coal particles, which mainly changed the size of liquid bridge force and friction force between particles. Fifteen groups of experiments were repeated. The water content of coal particles ranged from 6% to 13.5%. The results show that with the increase of moisture content of particles, the surface viscidity and wetness of particles increase, and the accumulation angle of repose of particles shows an upward trend.
The numerical simulation program is written by Visual Basic. Particulate matter is simplified into grid elements, and each grid is subjected to forces from its adjacent grid. The mathematical model of action force is "collapse force", even if the action force of accumulation material collapses from high to low. In the program, the resultant force of the grid element is analyzed in every time step t, and the motion and displacement of the element are obtained by Newton's law of motion, which is applied to the next time step for cyclic analysis. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
The numerical simulation method can predict accumulating angle of repose of wet particulate matter accumulating better, which is helpful to improve the efficiency of transportation and storage in engineering.
KEY WORDS:wet particle,accumulation repose angle,liquid bridge force,discrete element method
目 录
摘 要 3
Abstract 4
第一章 绪论 1
1.1颗粒物质 1
1.2颗粒物质的研究背景 1
1.3离散元法模拟研究 4
1.4液桥力与湿颗粒堆的离散元研究 8
1.5潮湿煤炭颗粒堆的研究 11
第二章 潮湿煤炭颗粒堆积的实验研究 14
2.1实验原理 14
2.2实验设备 14
2.3实验材料 17
2.4实验方法与步骤 17
2.5数据整理 18
2.6结果与讨论 20
第三章 煤碳下落堆积过程的数学模型的建立 22
3.1数学模型的建立 22
3.2数学模型的求解方法 23
3.3数值模拟结果的后处理方法 24
第四章 煤碳下落堆积角变化的数值研究 26
4.1数学模型的计算结果 26
4.2数值模拟结果与实验结果的比较 26
4.3结果分析 27
第五章 结论与展望 28
参考文献 29
致 谢 31
第一章 绪论
1.1颗粒物质
颗粒指的是在一定的尺寸范围内具有一定形状的几何体,颗粒物在液体以及固体中都广泛存在,而在本文中我们主要讨论的是固体颗粒。颗粒的尺寸范围一般来说在毫米与纳米之间(根据颗粒尺寸的大小可以划分为粉体、颗粒以及块体:0.001-0.1mm为粉体,0.1-5mm为颗粒,5mm以上为块状物)[6],当颗粒物尺寸在10-6米以下时,布朗运动对颗粒物就会有重要影响。而当颗粒物质尺寸大于10-6米时,颗粒之间的范德华力不再显著并且在该尺度下不适用于布朗运动[13]。在相对一个比较大的整体时,颗粒的尺寸也可以相应的扩大一些。例如在本文中我们使用的煤炭颗粒,其粒径基本上在按照上面的分类应当属于块状物,但是在煤炭工业当中,由于煤堆的体积一般都很大,所以我们也可以把这些“煤块”当作“煤颗粒”来研究。
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