论文总字数:27410字
摘 要
随着国家对节能减排问题越来越重视,许多高污染、高能耗的燃煤电厂已逐步关停,燃气-蒸汽联合循环热电厂的数量日益增多。如何在满足电网电力负荷和热网热力需求的前提下,实现电力与热力生产的协调控制与优化调度,同时实现各台燃气-蒸汽联合循环热电联产机组都保持最高效率或最优经济性运行,是许多热电厂迫切需要解决的问题。
本文以某配置有2套GE 6F.01燃气-蒸汽联合循环热电联产机组的热电厂为研究对象,根据机组的运行特性,建立机组的优化数学模型。运用等微增率原理,对两台联合循环机组的热、电负荷进行优化分配,以达到同等负荷条件下系统的热耗率最低。本文采用Microsoft Visual C 6.0软件,实现负荷优化分配的程序设计。根据环境温度、供热负荷和发电负荷计算出热、电最优分配结果,同时与随机分配或平均分配等运行方式的机组的总热耗率进行比较,可以验证优化分配的热耗率最低,经济性最好。
当燃气电厂供电和供热需求发生变化时,根据本文的优化计算结果,可以指导运行人员及时调整两台机组的热、电分配,使得在满足负荷需求的情况下,降低运行成本,节约能源,实现联合循环机组经济运行。相关研究对智能化热网的建设与实践具有重要意义。
关键词:燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组;等微增率原理;优化调度;经济运行
ABSTRACT
As the country pays more and more attention to energy conservation and emission reduction, many coal-fired power plants with high pollution and high energy consumption have been gradually closed down, and the number of gas-steam combined cycle thermal power plants is increasing day by day. How to achieve the coordinated control and optimal scheduling of power and thermal production under the premise of meeting the power load and thermal power demand of the power grid, and at the same time to achieve the highest efficiency or optimal economic operation of each gas-steam combined cycle cogeneration unit is an urgent problem for many thermal power plants to solve.
In this paper, a certain thermal power plant with two sets of GE 6f.01 gas-steam combined cycle cogeneration unit is taken as the research object, and the mathematical model of the unit is established according to the operating parameters of the unit. Based on the principle of equal micro-increment rate, the heat and power load of two combined cycle units is optimized to achieve the lowest heat consumption rate under the same load condition. This paper use Microsoft Visual C 6.0 software to realize the program design of load optimization allocation. According to the environmental temperature, heating load and power generation load to calculate the optimal heat and power distribution results, and at the same time with the random distribution or average distribution of the operation mode of the unit total heat consumption rate comparison, can verify the optimal distribution of the lowest heat consumption rate, the best economy.
When the power supply and heating demand of gas-fired power plant changes, according to the optimized calculation results in this paper, the operators can be instructed to adjust the heat and power distribution of the two units in time, so as to reduce the operating cost, save energy and realize the economic operation of combined cycle units under the condition of meeting the load demand. The relevant research is of great significance to the construction and practice of intelligent heating network.
Keywords: Gas-steam combined cycle unit; The equal incremental principle; Optimal operation ; Economic operation
目 录
摘要....................................................................................................................................................................Ⅰ
ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................................................Ⅱ
第一章 绪论 1
1.1选题背景 1
1.2国内外燃气蒸汽联合循环发展现状 2
1.2.1国外的燃气-蒸汽联合循环发展现状 2
1.2.2我国的燃气-蒸汽联合循环发展现状 2
1.3燃气-蒸汽联合循环常用的几种优化算法 3
1.3.1传统优化算法 3
1.3.2智能优化算法 4
1.4本文研究内容 5
第二章 燃气-蒸汽联合循环原理 6
2.1燃气轮机运行原理 6
2.2燃气-蒸汽联合循环的热平衡 7
2.2.1燃气轮机的热平衡 7
2.2.2余热锅炉的热平衡 7
2.2.3蒸汽轮机的热平衡 8
2.2.4联合循环效率 8
2.3抽凝机组运行原理 9
2.4燃气-蒸汽联合循环的影响因素 10
2.4.1温度及大气压力对燃气-蒸汽联合循环的影响 10
2.4.2相对湿度对燃气-蒸汽联合循环的影响 10
2.4.3机组老化对燃气-蒸汽联合循环的影响 11
2.5本章小结 11
第三章 建立负荷优化分配的数学模型 12
3.1联合循环机组气耗特性 12
3.2数学建模过程 13
3.3负荷优化算法实现 15
3.3.1 C 软件简介 15
3.3.2 MATLAB软件简介 15
3.4本章小结 18
第四章 联合循环负荷优化过程及验证 19
4.1负荷优化程序框图 19
4.2联合循环机组优化过程 20
4.2.1确定抽汽量与电功率的函数关系 20
4.2.2判断用户输入的抽汽量是否超额 24
4.2.3判断是否可以满足用户输入的电功率 25
4.2.4设置联合循环机组出力上下限 27
4.2.5每台机组供热量的确定 28
4.3优化效果数据对比 29
4.4本章小结 30
第五章 结论与展望 31
5.1主要工作与结论 31
5.2未来工作及展望 31
参考文献 33
致 谢 35
第一章 绪论
1.1选题背景
随着大气污染防治行动计划的推进和国家“节能减排”政策的实施,高污染、高能耗的小热电厂逐步关停,越来越多的燃煤机组通过通流改造对外供热或是建造燃气-蒸汽联合循环热力发电厂和天然气分布式能源站对外供热将其取而代之。电力、热力生产与经营管理已经成为热电厂的主营业务之一。随着供热管道长距离输送技术的发展,热电厂的供热范围越来越大,供热运输距离越来越长,并且热用户分布越来越分散,但是热电厂的生产与运营管理的模式基本停留在传统阶段,电力与热力生产的协调控制难以实现,受输入总能量一定的影响,经常响应了电网负荷指令,但导致对热网热力供应参数(流量、压力、温度)的较大波动,供热质量变差,虽然满足了对热网热力供应参数的及时响应,却引起了发电负荷的不稳定。最终导致负荷调度的实时性、经济性、抗干扰性较差,网格化、数字化、自动化程度较低,供给侧和需求侧的精细化管理水平亟待提升。
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