论文总字数:26632字
摘 要
准东煤所在的准东煤田是目前国内已探明储量最大的煤田,有着极大的开发和利用空间,然而准东煤却存在着一个严重的缺陷——极高的碱金属含量限制了其大规模的工业应用。针对解决准东煤严重结渣积灰问题的研究势在必行。循环流化床作为能源界一项具有开创性的燃烧技术,具有燃料适应性广、燃烧效率高、设备简单体积小等特点,备受国内外学者的关注和重点研究。富氧燃烧技术是目前主要的二氧化碳减排技术之一。本文研究了在循环流化床富氧燃烧条件下,掺混添加剂后准东煤中的钠的释放特性。
本文通过高温管式炉电加热系统来模拟循环流化床富氧燃烧时的密相区气氛条件,研究了五种不同添加剂(氧化铝、氧化钙、氧化铁、二氧化硅、高岭土)对典型高钠煤——准东煤中钠的释放的影响,并着重探讨了高岭土对钠的迁移释放特性的影响。实验结果表明:因为在储量、价格、对煤中钠的吸附能力和在高温下的稳定性等方面存在优势,高岭土是实际工业应用中最理想的固钠添加剂;高岭土对准东煤煤灰的固钠效率随添加比例的增加而增加;燃烧温度对高岭土的固钠效果也有一定的影响,随着温度的升高,煤中钠的释放量提升,但高温有利于不同赋存形态的钠的迁移;在富氧燃烧条件下,当水蒸气浓度在5%~15%时,随着水蒸气浓度的提高高岭土对钠的固定效果变差;当水蒸气浓度为15%~45%时,高岭土的固钠效率水蒸气浓度的升高而升高。
关键词:准东煤,循环流化床富氧燃烧技术,添加剂,结渣积灰,钠的释放
Abstract
The Zhundong coalfield in which Zhundong coal is located is the largest proven coalfield in China. It has a great space for development and utilization. However, there is a serious defect in Zhundong coal, that is, the extremely high alkali metal content limits its large-scale industrial application. It is imperative to study how to solve the problem of serious slagging and ash accumulation in Zhundong coal. Circulating fluidized bed (CFB), as a pioneering combustion technology in the energy sector, has the characteristics of wide fuel adaptability, high combustion efficiency, simple equipment and small size. It has attracted much attention and research from scholars at home and abroad. Oxygen-enriched combustion technology is one of the main carbon dioxide emission reduction technologies. In this paper, the release characteristics of sodium from Zhundong coal blended with additives under the condition of oxygen-enriched combustion in circulating fluidized bed were studied.
This paper simulated the dense-phase atmosphere conditions during oxygen-enriched combustion in a circulating fluidized bed with an electric heating system of a high-temperature tubular furnace to study the effect of five different additives (alumina, calcium oxide, iron oxide, silica and kaolin) on the release of sodium from a typical high-sodium coal, Zhundong coal, and the effect of kaolin on the transport and release characteristics of sodium was emphatically discussed. The experimental results show that Kaolin is the most ideal sodium fixation additive in practical industrial application because of its advantages in reserves, price, adsorption capacity of sodium in coal and stability at high temperature. Sodium-fixing efficiency of kaolin to Zhundong coal ash increases with the increase of adding proportion. Combustion temperature also has some influence on the sodium fixation effect of kaolin. With the increase of temperature, the release of sodium in coal increases, but high temperature is beneficial to the migration and transformation of sodium in different ocurrence forms. Under the condition of oxygen-enriched combustion, when the concentration of water vapor is between 5% and 15%, the fixed effect of kaolin on sodium becomes worse with the increase of the concentration of water vapor; when the concentration of water vapor is between 15% and 45%, the sodium fixation efficiency of kaolin increases with the increase of the concentration of water vapor.
KEY WORDS: Zhundong Coal, Circulating Fluidized Bed Oxygen-enriched Combustion Technology, Additives, Slagging and Ash Deposition, Sodium Release
目 录
摘 要 1
Abstract 2
第一章 绪论 1
1.1引言 1
1.1.1中国能源的利用现状 1
1.2研究的背景与意义 2
1.2.1准东煤的特点 2
1.2.2课题的价值与意义 4
1.3富氧燃烧技术 4
1.3.2循环流化床富氧燃烧技术 5
1.3.1循环流化床富氧燃烧技术的特点 7
1.4当前对准东煤中钠的迁移特性的研究现状 8
1.4.1富氧燃烧条件下 8
1.4.2空气燃烧条件下 8
1.4.3当前研究下减少钠释放的措施 8
1.5当前对掺杂添加剂的准东煤的相关研究现状 8
1.6本文的研究意义与主要内容 9
第二章 理论基础 10
2.1 燃煤矿物质的转化及结渣积灰的形成 10
2.1.1煤中主要的矿物质 10
2.1.2结渣积灰的形成 10
2.2钠元素在煤种燃烧过程中的行为规律 11
2.2.1 钠在煤中的赋存形态 11
2.2.2钠在煤燃烧过程中的迁移释放 12
2.2.3钠在炉内的反应 12
第三章 实验及分析方法 13
3.1原料制备 13
3.2原料煤质的特征分析 13
3.2.1工业分析 13
3.2.2 元素分析 14
3.2.3 灰成分分析 14
3.3化学萃取 15
3.4实验装置及实验方法 16
3.4.1实验装置 16
3.4.2实验方法 18
3.5实验工况的选择 18
3.5.1不同添加剂的固钠效果比较 18
3.5.2添加比例变化下,高岭土对钠的迁移释放规律的影响的研究 19
3.5.3温度变化下,高岭土对钠的迁移释放规律的影响的研究 19
3.5.4水蒸气浓度变化下,高岭土对钠的迁移释放规律的影响的研究 19
3.6检测技术与原理 20
3.6.1 ICP-OES技术 20
3.6.2 XRF技术 21
第四章 实验结果与分析 22
4.1准东煤中钠元素的赋存形态 22
4.2不同添加剂对钠的迁移释放规律的影响 23
4.3添加比例对高岭土的固钠效率的影响 24
4.4温度变化对高岭土对钠的迁移释放规律的影响 25
4.5水蒸气浓度对高岭土固钠规律的影响 27
第五章 结论与展望 29
5.1研究结论 29
5.2研究展望 29
参考文献 31
致 谢 33
- 绪论
1.1引言
能源是当今国际社会炙手可热的话题,也是关系世界各国经济社会存在与发展的关键。但能源消耗同时也引发了严重的环境、资源枯竭等一系列问题。因此,解决能源问题迫在眉睫。
相较于其他国家,中国仍处于发展中国家,这意味着目前我国对能源的需求与消耗量巨大,并且这种形势在未来数十年内必将维持下去。因此,我国面临着更近的现实、肩负着更大的责任去解决能源短缺与环境恶化的问题。与其他能源相比,煤炭在我国的能源消耗结构中占据主导地位,我们必须把目光投射到煤炭研究的相关领域。煤炭的高效与清洁利用,不仅关系到地球的生态环境保护,也关乎中国的能源与经济转型,关乎中国在未来国际社会的话语权与影响力。能源问题尤其是与煤炭相关的问题,显然已成为我国当下必须面对的民生大事,国家大事,国际大事。
1.1.1中国能源的利用现状
我国作为一个“贫煤,少气,富煤”的国家,虽然煤炭资源储量巨大,但也面临着石油与天然气的储量不足的窘境。
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