滑动轴承内流体压力分布及其承载力影响因素计算分析

论文总字数：29927字

摘 要

滑动轴承作为旋转机械的支承部件，对旋转机械的安全运行有着重要的影响。研究滑动轴承的特性具有重要的理论和工程价值。

建立了基于雷诺方程的滑动轴承求解模型，并在MATLAB环境下编制了滑动轴承性能分析计算程序。利用控制变量法分别研究了压力、载荷、偏心角与转速、偏心率和宽径比的关系，在研究一个因素对压力、荷载、偏转角的影响时保持其他因素为初始值不变。

结果表明，随着旋转速度的增加，压力在各向的正压区油膜增加，线性度十分高，周向和轴向压力的变化趋势基本不变，承载力随转速线性增加；偏心率和宽径比对荷载、压力分布和偏位角影响较大；当偏心率较大时，压力值存在飞升情况，实际应用中处于危险工况，应尽量避免偏心率过大；压力和承载力随宽径比基本上也呈线性变化，随宽径比的增加而增大。因此在实际生产中，如果载荷较大而偏心率和转速无法增大时，为保证轴承承担的最大压力不超限，可以选择宽径比较大的轴承。

关键词：转子动力学；滑动轴承；Reynolds方程； MATLAB

Abstract

As a supporting part of a rotating machine, a sliding bearing has an important influence on the safe operation of a rotating machine. Studying the characteristics of plain bearings has important theoretical and engineering value.

A sliding bearing solving model based on Reynolds equation is established, and the performance analysis and calculation program of sliding bearing is compiled in MATLAB environment. The relationship between pressure, load, eccentric angle and rotational speed, eccentricity and aspect ratio was studied by the control variable method. When studying the influence of one factor on pressure, load and deflection angle, other factors were kept unchanged.

The results show that with the increase of the rotation speed, the oil film increases in the positive positive pressure zone, the linearity is very high, the trend of circumferential and axial pressure is basically unchanged, the bearing capacity increases linearly with the rotational speed; the eccentricity and the width The diameter ratio has a great influence on the load, pressure distribution and deflection angle. When the eccentricity is large, the pressure value is flying up. In practical applications, it is in dangerous conditions. The eccentricity should be avoided as much as possible; the pressure and bearing capacity should be wide. The aspect ratio also changes substantially linearly and increases as the aspect ratio increases. Therefore, in actual production, if the load is large and the eccentricity and the rotational speed cannot be increased, in order to ensure that the maximum pressure assumed by the bearing is not exceeded, a bearing having a relatively large diameter can be selected.

Key words: rotor dynamics; journal bearing; Reynolds equation; MATLAB

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2研究动态 2

1.2.1热流体润滑分析 2

1.2.2滑动轴承油膜边界问题研究 6

1.3本文主要研究内容 6

第二章 动压滑动轴承算例 7

2.1引言 7

2.2滑动轴承工作原理 7

2.2.1楔形间隙 7

2.2.2径向轴承中的楔形润滑膜 8

2.2.3挤压效应 8

2.3Reynolds方程 8

2.3.1Reynolds方程的假设条件 8

2.3.2Reynolds方程的推导过程 9

2.3.3Reynolds方程常用边界条件 11

2.4本章小结 12

第三章 基于Reynolds方程的滑动轴承性能建模分析 13

3.1引言 13

3.2Reynolds方程的无量纲化 13

3.3边界条件的选取 14

3.4Reynolds方程的离散化求解 15

3.4.1Reynolds方程的差分法离散化 15

3.4.2超松弛迭代法 18

3.4.3收敛条件 18

3.5Reynolds方程的MATLAB求解 19

3.5.1编程过程简介 19

3.5.2MATLAB求解结果分析 19

3.6参数改变对油膜压力分布和承载力的影响 21

3.6.1转速对油膜压力分布和承载力的影响 21

3.6.2偏心率对油膜压力分布和承载力的影响 24

3.6.3宽径比对油膜压力分布和载荷的影响 28

3.7本章小结 32

第四章 结论及展望 33

4.1研究内容总结 33

4.1.1主要工作 33

4.1.2主要结论 33

4.2研究展望 34

致 谢 36

参考文献 37

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