菱铁矿催化剂的制备成型及催化脱硝活性测试

论文总字数：23531字

摘 要

x的排放是大气污染的重要因素之一，如何有效地减少NO_x污染是现在环境工程的重要课题。其中，选择性催化还原法（SCR）由于其良好的脱硝效率以及相对较低的工作温度，具有很高的实际应用价值。目前广泛使用的商用催化剂——V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂催化剂虽然催化活性较高，但是其成本、反应窗口温度也比较高，且钒及其化合物属于有毒物质，从而开发一种新型的、廉价的低温SCR催化剂至关重要。

本文以菱铁矿为主要材料制备SCR催化剂，在实验室的SCR脱硝装置中进行催化脱硝实验，比较不同煅烧温度、不同反应温度、添加不同粘结剂等条件下催化剂的脱硝效率。实验表明：煅烧温度对催化剂的活性有着重要影响，450℃是煅烧催化剂的最佳温度，经过450℃煅烧后催化剂在150℃下催化效率即达到了85%，符合低温催化脱硝的要求。在催化剂中添加9%聚乙烯醇粘结剂后，催化剂的强度得到了提高，且催化效率仍维持在较理想水平，达到了实验目标。

关键词：菱铁矿；选择性催化还原（SCR）；脱硝；低温

The Preparation and Activity Test of Siderite Ore Catalyst on SCR of NO_x with NH₃ at Low-Temperature

By

Huang Qiurun

Supervised by

Prof. Gui Keting

Abstract：With the development of national economy, more and more people attach great importance to the environmental pollution problem. NO_x emission is one of the most important factors of atmospheric pollution. How to reduce NO_x emission has been an important subject of environmental engineering. The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has great practical significance due to its good catalytic activity and low operating temperature. For now, the V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ catalyst has been widely used in our daily life and has good catalytic activity. However, its cost and reaction temperature is very high at the same time. By the way, vanadium and its compounds are toxic substances. Therefore, developing a new type of SCR catalyst is very important.

In order to compare the effect of different calcination temperature, reaction temperature and the addition of binder on catalytic activity, we use siderite as the raw material to prepare catalyst and conduct a series of experiments at the SCR device in the laboratory. The experimental results show that calcination temperature has play an important role in catalytic activity.450℃ is the best calcination temperature and the catalytic activity has reached 85% at 150℃ after that, what is just we want. After adding 9% PVA into the catalysts, their intensity has been strengthened while the catalytic activity almost remains the same. So far, we have gained the catalyst we want.

Key words: siderite ore; The selective catalytic reduction (SCR); denitration;low temperature

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景与意义 1

1.2 NO_x的来源及危害 1

1.3 NO_x的生成机理 3

1.3.1 燃料型NO_x的生成 3

1.3.2 热力型NO_x的生成 3

1.3.3 快速型NO_x的生成 3

1.4 NO_x的控制技术 4

1.4.1 燃烧前控制技术 4

1.4.2 燃烧过程控制技术 4

1.4.3 燃烧后烟气净化技术 6

1.5 SCR技术的现状未来与本文工作 8

1.5.1 SCR脱硝催化剂的发展现状 8

1.5.2 SCR脱硝催化剂发展方向 10

1.5.3 本文工作 10

第二章 菱铁矿催化剂脱硝实验 12

2.1 SCR实验装置 12

2.1.1 配气系统 12

2.1.2 加热系统 13

2.1.3 反应系统 13

2.1.4 烟气分析系统 13

2.2 催化剂材料选择 13

2.3 催化剂的制备 14

2.4 催化剂效果评价 15

2.5 实验内容 16

第三章 实验结果分析 17

3.1 不同煅烧温度对催化剂活性的影响 17

3.2 不同煅烧时间对催化剂活性的影响 19

3.3 煅烧先后次序对催化剂活性影响 21

3.4 添加粘结剂对催化剂活性的影响 23

第四章 结论 26

致谢 27

参考文献 28

菱铁矿催化剂的制备成型及催化脱硝活性测试

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