论文总字数：25566字

摘 要

实现燃煤电厂煤粉气力输送系统中管道内煤粉流动参数（如粉体速度、粉体浓度、粉体质量流量等）的在线准确测量对于锅炉的安全经济运行，优化燃烧及控制具有重要的意义。基于静电原理的粉体流动参数测量方法由于其结构简单、低成本、安全无辐射、工作稳定、适用于恶劣的工业环境等优点得到了越来越多的关注。

目前，静电传感技术已经成功运用于燃煤电厂并且实现了气力输送系统中煤粉速度的准确在线测量，然而该技术在煤粉浓度及质量流量方面的测量还不够成熟，仅仅只是停留在对其定性测量分析的程度上。为此，本文利用静电传感技术做一次关于粉体质量流量测量的探索，旨在建立静电信号rms值，速度，浓度之间的关系，开发可靠的基于静电法的颗粒质量流量测量系统。

首先，本文简单介绍了燃煤电厂中一次风粉参数测量的意义，指出了粉体质量流量的测量方法，分析了静电测量方法的研究现状以及存在的问题。

在深入理解静电测量原理的基础上，设计了环状静电传感器及其硬件电路系统，并搭建传送带实验装置进行相关实验研究。

实验完成后利用MATLAB对实验数据进行处理，找出速度、静电信号rms值与质量流量之间的关系，并用origin等画图软件进行展示；确立速度、静电信号rms值与质量流量之间的函数关系，开发出相应的质量流量测量系统，并在传送带装置上进行质量流量测量。实验结果表明，系统在质量流量0.006196kg/s0.058795kg/s范围内，测量偏差小于40%，说明开发的质量流量测量系统能够实现粉体质量流量的准确测量。

关键词：一次风粉，静电传感器，静电信号rms值，粉体速度，粉体浓度，粉体质量流量

RESEARCH ON MODELS OF SOLID MASS FLOWRATE MEASUREMENT

SYSTEM BASED ON ELECTROSTATIC METHOD

Abstract

It is of great significance to achieve the online accurate measurement of pulverized coal parameters (such as particle velocity, particle concentration, particle mass flowrate, etc.) in the pneumatic conveying pipeline in coal fired power plants for the high-efficiency operation, operational safety and optimized control of the boiler. The measurement of powder flow parameters based on the electrostatic method has received more and more attention because of its simple structure, low cost, no radiation, stable operation and suitable for the harsh industrial environment.

At present, electrostatic sensing technology has been successfully applied in coal-fired power plant and achieved accurate online velocity measurement of pulverized coal. However, the technology has not mature enough for particle concentration and particle mass flowrate measurement of pulverized coal. Therefore, the measurement of particle mass flowrate based on electrostatic sensing technology was researched in this paper, aimed to establish a relation between the RMS value of electrostatic signal, velocity and concentration and develop a reliable particle mass flowrate measurement system.

First of all, the significance of the parameters measurement of pulverized coal in coal fired power plant was introduced briefly, the method of measuring the powder mass flowrate was analyzed and the existing problems of the electrostatic measuring method were pointed out.

On the basis of deep understanding of the principle of electrostatic measurement, a ring electrostatic sensor and its hardware circuit system were designed, and the conveyor belt test device was set up to carry out the experimental research.

The relation between the particle velocity, the RMS value of electrostatic signal and the particle mass flowrate was deduced by the experimental results with the help of MATLAB. After that, the corresponding mass flowrate measurement system was developed. Then, the mass flowrate measurement on the conveyor belt device was carried out. The experimental results showed that the measurement deviation of the system is less than 40% within the mass flowrate range of 0.006196kg/s0.058795kg/s, indicating that the developed mass flowrate measurement system can achieve particle mass flowrate measurement.

KEY WORDS: primary pulverized coal, electrostatic sensor, the RMS value of electrostatic signal, particle velocity, particle concentration, particle mass flowrate

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1课题背景及意义 1

1.2质量流量的测量方法 1

1.2.1直接式测量方法 1

1.2.2间接式测量方法 2

1.2.2.1速度测量方法 2

1.2.2.2浓度测量方法 3

1.3静电测量方法及现状 3

1.3.1静电测量方法的应用 3

1.3.2测量存在问题 3

1.4本文的主要研究内容 4

第二章 输送过程中颗粒的静电现象及静电测量原理 6

2.1一次风粉管道内煤粉颗粒的静电现象 6

2.2静电传感器及测量原理 6

2.2.1静电传感器的种类 7

2.2.2圆环状静电传感器的特点 8

2.3颗粒流动参数静电测量原理 9

2.3.1颗粒速度测量 9

2.3.2颗粒浓度测量 9

2.3.3颗粒质量流量测量 10

2.4 本章小结 10

第三章 颗粒质量流量静电测量系统设计 12

3.1静电传感器 12

3.2静电信号转换电路 13

3.3计算机程序设计 15

3.4本章小结 17

第四章 颗粒质量流量测量实验及数据分析 18

4.1实验装置及实验方法 18

4.1.1传送带实验装置 18

4.1.2实验方法 18

4.2数据分析 19

4.2.1静电信号处理 19

4.2.2速度测量 20

4.2.3基于静电信号rms值的质量流量测量 21

4.3 本章小结 25

第五章 结论 26

参考文献（References） 27

致谢 28

第一章 绪 论

1.1 课题背景及意义

在火力发电厂，燃料经磨煤机磨碎后，与空气混合，然后通过气力输送至炉燃烧器。这个过程中煤粉流动参数（如煤粉的速度和煤粉浓度等）对锅炉燃烧或者制粉系统的稳定性、安全性和经济性有着重要的影响。

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