论文总字数：21126字

摘 要

关键词：锅炉效率模型;排烟温度;排烟氧量;飞灰含碳量;基准值;热偏差

Research on model algorithm of boiler consumption analysis based on variable condition characteristics

Name Fei Pan

Supervised by PeiHong Wang

Abstract：Boiler efficiency is the main comprehensive technical index to characterize the economic operation of the boiler. The calculation model of boiler efficiency is related to the performance of the boiler, but the measured point is more. In our country, more and more imported units or imported technical units are running. The testing and testing of these units mostly adopt the American ASME standard to calculate the boiler efficiency. In addition, ASME standard of boiler loss description of deep and careful, using this criterion is used to guide the production and operation, operation personnel provide more technical information, which will to improve the economical operation of the boiler produced positive effect. But the standard has higher requirements for measurement. Because of the limit of real time and operating conditions of the boiler on-line calculation, it is not possible to measure such parameters as the performance of the boiler. Study on boiler efficiency model based on German DIN standard. DIN standard in the calculation of the heat loss of a statistical formula, the method is relatively simple. A boiler efficiency model was established based on ASME standard and DIN standard. In the operation of boiler, the boiler efficiency is mainly related to the smoke exhaust temperature, the oxygen content, the content of fly ash and coal quality. In order to study of boiler flue gas temperature, oxygen content in the flue gas and fly ash carbon content consumption difference analysis, first determine the different load conditions benchmark thermal efficiency, and the calculation of boiler major operation parameter deviation factor, according to the boiler efficiency calculation model for the parameters and the deviation factor, the parameters and the deviation factor again multiplied by the parameters of the actual operation value and reference value (or deviation of design value), which can get the degree of the influence of various parameters on the efficiency of the boiler. The real-time calculation of power supply standard coal thermal deviation, and taking the 660MW unit as an example, calculate and analysis the difference of consumption in a certain condition. The results show that the calculation and analysis results of the model are correct and feasible.

Key words:Boiler efficiency ; exhaust gas temperature ; Flue gas oxygen content ; carbon content in fly ash ; Reference value ; Thermal deviation

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章　绪论 1

1.1 课题研究背景 1

1.2课题研究现状和问题 1

1.3节能减排，降低资源消耗 2

1.4对锅炉安全和经济性运行耗差优化研究的积极意义 2

1.5对耗差产生原因的分析 2

1.5.1排烟温度耗差优化的安全性影响 3

1.5.2煤质燃烧对排烟温度的影响 4

1.5.3氧量耗差经济性影响 5

1.5.4飞灰含碳量耗差优化的安全性影响 5

第二章　建立合理锅炉效率模型 7

2.1 锅炉效率计算模型 7

2.1.1多种锅炉效率计算模型对比 7

2.1.2文献2锅炉效率模型 9

2.1.3文献3锅炉效率模型 11

2.1.4文献4锅炉效率模型 12

2.1.5几种计算模型的分析与比较 13

2.2 利用ASME标准对计算锅炉效率的简化 14

2.2.1绝对湿度的简化分析 14

2.2.2参考温度的简化 14

2.2.3干烟气量计算简化 15

2.2.4烟气平均比热的简化 15

2.3 电站锅炉效率计算模型 16

2.3.1锅炉效率在线计算模型 16

2.3.2将建立的新型锅炉效率模型和ASME标准锅炉效率进行比对 17

第三章耗差研究 18

3.1各参数基准值确定 18

3.2各参数偏差因子 19

3.3对660MW超超临界机组进行耗差分析 19

3.3.1排烟温度耗差分析模型： 20

3.3.2 氧量耗差分析模型： 21

3.3.3飞灰含碳量耗差分析模型 22

3.3.4 引入锅炉效率和标准煤耗的关系 22

3.4已知工况下锅炉效率计算与耗差分析 23

致谢 25

参考文献 26

第一章　绪论

1.1 课题研究背景

用实验的方法对电站机组开展实时运行试验早在上世纪七十年代就已经被欧洲和美国等国家用来提该电站机组运行效率。在进行实验的过程中，运行和科研人员引入热偏差的方法，该方法可以分析某一运行参数对机组效率的影响，对该参数调整就能实现对整个机组性能的调整。在这不久，美国研究机构EPRI本着对电站各性能参数进行实时连续监控的目的，全方位的分析在线监测测试的影响因素，旨在能够使机组经济性更好。

放眼我们国家，为了满足国民用电需求，在上世纪八十年代，一批国外生产的大型发电机组进入国内电站。但当时的工作人员和决策层更关注机组能够无故障运行，很少有人把注意力放在调整整台机组运行条件以此来提高锅炉效率。鉴于当时运行状况，电站人员在维护设备安全方面苦下工夫，并不注意分析机组主要运行参数对机组运行经济性的影响。但随着科技进步和电站运行人员专业技术的增强，让机组以经济的指标生产电能被人们逐渐视为主要研究。电站联合各个高校，展开对个主要性能参数进行连续监控的试验，分析各参数对机组效率的影响。这很好改善了电站运行，有利于节能，高效的运行理念。

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