论文总字数：23818字

摘 要

关键词：氧化；煤沥青；球形活性炭；升温速率；升温范围

Investigation on the oxidation mechanism of coal pitch spheres

03012322 LI Maosheng

Supervised by SHAO Yingjuan

Abstract： There are four steps in the preparation of coal tar pitch as a raw material pitch-based, and the oxidized without melt takes the longest time, most energy, and it is key step to made the coal pitch-based spherical activated carbon, if we how it works ,it will have a deeply significance for us to make the coal pitch-based spherical activated carbon. the experimental material are from Coal Chemistry which create a new “direct balling” law to prepared the pitch ball that is in front of oxidation process without melt, during this experimental different particle size, heating rate and heating range are studied to learned how it influenced on the coal pitch’s oxidation without melt, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and TGA experiments have been made to know how they are influenced on the coal pitch’s oxidation without melt. During this we will do the oxidation to know how it will change after the oxidation and how the oxidation without melt worked. Experiments show that small particle size of the pitch ball is more easily oxidized, and it has a small weight loss, and because of the small weight loss and more easily oxidized the carbon ball we got surface was smoother. when heating up fast the small pitch ball is not easily oxidized, and the small pitch ball intramolecular oxidative crosslinking slow, and the fastest weight loss when a heating rate of 0.5 ℃ / min, and weight loss rate is high the carbon ball we got surface will crack, However, the heating rate does not affect the Pitch of the ball weight loss. Suitable warming range more conducive to pitch ball’s oxidation without melt, warming range is too low will cause incomplete oxidation, and resulting in the surface of the ball will get cracks, but if the temperature is too high that it will cause the surface of the sintered pellets cracks, the suitable heating range is about 325 ℃. In this thesis, the combination of many about coal pitch balls oxidation without melt impact, and the direct use of TGA experiments instead of coal pitch’s oxidation does not melt through oxidation process thus saving experimental procedure.

Keywords: Oxidation；Coal tar pitch; Spherical activated carbon；Heating rate；Heating range

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题背景 1

1.2煤沥青 2

1.2.1煤沥青性质 2

1.2.2煤沥青的应用 2

1.3活性炭 2

1.3.1活性炭的种类 2

1.3.2球形活性炭种类 2

1.3.3球形活性炭的应用 3

1.4沥青基球形活性炭 3

1.5国内外研究现状 4

1.5.1国外研究 4

1.5.2国内研究 4

1.6课题的提出 5

第二章 沥青氧化不熔化实验方案 6

2.1实验原料 6

2.2实验设计 6

2.2.1实验方案 6

2.2.2实验步骤 7

2.3测量手段 7

2.3.1扫描电子显微镜（SEM） 7

2.3.2傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR） 7

2.3.3元素分析仪（EA） 8

2.3.4热重分析仪（TG） 8

第三章 沥青氧化不熔化实验结果分析 9

3.1不同粒径对氧化不熔化的影响 9

3.1.1电镜扫描分析 9

3.1.2元素分析 10

3.1.3红外光谱分析 10

3.1.4热重分析 11

3.2不同升温速率对氧化不熔化的影响 13

3.2.1电镜扫描分析 13

3.2.2红外光谱分析 14

3.2.3热重分析 14

3.3不同升温范围对氧化不熔化的影响 16

3.3.1电镜扫描分析 16

3.3.2元素分析 17

3.3.3红外光谱分析 17

3.3.4热重分析 18

第四章 主要结论及工作展望 20

4.1主要结论 20

4.2工作展望 20

参考文献 21

致谢 22

第一章 绪论

1.1课题背景

我国现有焦油加工能力1600万吨/年，目前煤焦油的加工主要是煤焦油的分离提纯，对占煤焦油重量达55%以上的煤沥青的利用仅限于生产低附加值的改质沥青和炭黑，为此煤沥青的高附加值利用技术及其相关基础理论研究亟需突破。目前活性炭生产大多采用原煤为原料，但符合活性炭生产要求的原煤已越来越少。若能够有效利用低硫少灰的山西省煤沥青作为生产高附加值的特种高性能活性炭的原料，则既可为煤沥青的高附加值利用提供一条新的途径，也可以为活性炭企业提供数量有保障的优质原料，提升产品性能、改善产品结构，为市场提供高品位的活性炭产品。这对发展煤焦化为源头的现代煤化工产业、化解煤焦化产业链中沥青的粗放利用及活性炭行业缺乏合适原料的问题具有重要的意义。

煤沥青基球状活性炭是20世纪70年代由日本、美国、德国和苏联等发达国家研发成功的一种新型活性炭，它是有别于普通颗粒活性炭、粉状活性炭及纤维状活性炭的新型的活性炭，由于其特有的球形形貌以及由此带来的良好的流体力学特征，使得它在一些特殊的应用场合具有不可替代的作用。如国防军工的核潜艇、神舟飞船等狭小密闭空间内的空气净化、透气式防化服等关键材料^{[1, 2]}，民用高科技领域，如作为血液净化的核心材料^[3]等。

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