人体胃癌组织的太赫兹研究

论文总字数：25743字

摘 要

随着技术的发展，人们发明了一种新兴的相干探测技术，即太赫兹时域光谱（Terahertz Time-domain Spectroscopy，THz-TDS）技术。由于这项技术具有快速无损、对水分子敏感等特性，近年来在生物医学领域，尤其是癌症诊断方面得到了人们广泛的关注。此外太赫兹波的频带范围内包含了许多生物大分子的振动和转动能级所对应的特征谱，因此在分子水平上，可以使用太赫兹光谱技术对生物组织进行研究。

近几年来人们的生活水平越来越好，但是在这美好表象下仍然有着许多隐患。比如说越来越多的人感到自己的胃经常阵痛，这说明他们的胃出了毛病，而在胃部疾病里，最常见的就是胃癌，发病率在所有胃部疾病中高居首位。由于早期胃癌的治愈率远高于晚期胃癌，我们自然而然地想到：如果能够早一点发现胃癌，而不是等到晚期再发现的话，就可以挽回不少人的生命。但是早期胃癌的特征并不明显，很容易和其他胃部疾病弄混淆。所以寻找一种能够准确识别早期胃癌的方法，引起了许多人的重视。太赫兹时域光谱技术，正是解决这个问题的方法之一。

本文以太赫兹时域光谱技术作为研究手段，通过测量胃癌患者的胃部正常组织的时域光谱，以及癌变组织的时域光谱，研究这两种光谱的特异性，以达到鉴别癌细胞的目的。本文主要的工作内容如下：

1. 介绍了太赫兹波的独特性质和应用前景，并主要阐述太赫兹时域光谱技术和太赫兹成像技术，并结合人体组织癌变的生物医学理论，简要分析了为什么在癌症诊断中太赫兹技术能够起到独特作用，这其中的机理是什么。
2. 采集胃癌患者的胃部正常组织和癌变组织，切片并Hamp;E染色鉴定后进行太赫兹时域光谱测量，根据光谱中的信息计算其吸收系数，并绘图分析。通过对所有样品测量的结果进行分析对比，发现癌变组织的吸收系数谱存在着共同点，并对此进行相关解释。

通过以上研究，发现太赫兹技术在胃癌诊断方面与传统诊断方法相比有着独到的优势，这意味着使用太赫兹技术可以更早的诊断胃癌，在降低胃癌死亡率方面可以起到重大作用。

关键词：太赫兹波、时域光谱、胃癌诊断

Abstract

With the development of technology, a new coherent detection technology, Terahertz Time-domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS), has been invented. Because of its fast, non-destructive and sensitive properties to water molecules, this technology has attracted extensive attention in the field of biomedicine, especially cancer diagnosis in recent years. In addition, the frequency band of terahertz wave contains the characteristic spectra corresponding to the vibration and rotational energy levels of many biological macromolecules. Therefore, terahertz spectroscopy can be used to study biological tissues at the molecular level.

In recent years, people's living standards have become better and better, but there are still many hidden dangers under this beautiful appearance. For example, more and more people feel that their stomach is often painful, which indicates that their stomach is out of order, and in stomach diseases, the most common is stomach cancer, the incidence of all stomach diseases ranks first. Because the cure rate of early gastric cancer is much higher than that of late gastric cancer, we naturally think that if gastric cancer can be found earlier, rather than later, it can save many lives. However, the characteristics of early gastric cancer are not obvious and can be easily confused with other gastric diseases. Therefore, finding a method to accurately identify early gastric cancer has attracted many people's attention. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy is one of the methods to solve this problem.

In this paper, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is used as a research tool to study the specificity of the two spectroscopy by measuring the time-domain spectra of normal gastric tissues and cancerous tissues in patients with gastric cancer, in order to identify cancer cells. The main contents of this paper are as follows:

Firstly,the unique properties and application prospects of terahertz wave are introduced. The terahertz time domain spectroscopy technology and terahertz imaging technology are mainly expounded. Combining with the biomedical theory of human tissue canceration, the reason why terahertz technology can play a unique role in cancer diagnosis is briefly analyzed, and what is the mechanism among them.

Secondly，normal and cancerous tissues of stomach were collected from patients with gastric cancer. After identification with Hamp;E staining, THz time domain spectroscopy was used to measure the absorption coefficient. The absorption coefficient was calculated and plotted. By analyzing and comparing the results of all samples, it is found that the absorption coefficient spectra of cancerous tissues have something in common, and related explanations are given.

Through the above research, we found that terahertz technology has unique advantages in the diagnosis of gastric cancer compared with traditional diagnostic methods, which means that terahertz technology can diagnose gastric cancer earlier and play an important role in reducing the mortality of gastric cancer.

KEY WORDS: terahertz wave; time-domain spectroscopy; diagnosis of gastric cancer

目 录

摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Ⅱ

1. 绪论 ………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 引言 ………………………………………………………………………………1

1.2 太赫兹技术在生物医学中的研究进展 ……………………………………………2

1.3 太赫兹技术在癌症诊断中的研究进展 ……………………………………………3

1.4 本文的主要内容 …………………………………………………………………………3

1. 太赫兹技术综述 ……………………………………………………………………5

2.1 太赫兹波简介 ……………………………………………………………………5

2.2 太赫兹成像（TPI）技术 ……………………………………………………………5

2.3太赫兹时域光谱（THz-TDS）技术 …………………………………………………9

2.4太赫兹波的应用 ………………………………………………………………………10

2.5太赫兹波应用于癌症诊断的机理分析 ……………………………………………11

第三章 实验方案设计及样品的制备 ……………………………………………………………12

3.1实验方案 …………………………………………………………………………………12

3.2样品的制备 ……………………………………………………………………………12

3.2.1制作聚乳酸衬底和金属样品槽 ……………………………………………12

3.2.2组织样品的制备及Hamp;E染色鉴定 ………………………………………………12

第四章 太赫兹时域光谱的测量及分析 …………………………………………………………14

4.1太赫兹时域光谱测量的步骤 ……………………………………………………………14

4.2测量结果与分析 …………………………………………………………………………15

4.2.1理论基础 …………………………………………………………………………15

4.2.2吸收系数分析 …………………………………………………………………………20

4.2.3曲线机理分析…………………………………………………………………………22

结论 …………………………………………………………………………………………23

参考文献（References） ………………………………………………………………………24

致谢 …………………………………………………………………………………………26

2. 绪论

1.1引言

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