论文总字数：24402字

摘 要

金属氧化物避雷器（MOA）具有优良的保护性能，广泛用于配电网的保护。然而由于产品工艺、使用环境复杂等多方面原因，MOA性能会不可避免的下降。MOA性能下降将使得配电网以及用电器发生危险。

本文首先阐述了MOA基本特性，然后又介绍了目前常用的几种检测方法。之后以谐波分析法为基础，设计了一种基于STM32的MOA泄漏电流检测系统。核心技术是通过精密电流互感器采集泄漏电流信号，然后利用FFT分析MOA泄漏电流中的阻性电流成分。此装置以STM32为控制核心，用ZigBee进行无线通信。此外还为检测电路设计了一款模数隔离电源，尽可能提高检测电路的精度。电路设计主要包括主控核心电路、参考电压检测电路、泄露电流信号检测电路、ZigBee通信模块控制电路，并且制作了PCB板。软件方面编写了单片机处理程序，设计了上位机软件。通过对检测电路以及上位机软件的测试验证了设计的可行性。此装置可以检测出MOA泄漏电流阻性成分，进而根据阻性泄漏电流成分大小判断出MOA是否故障，为电网的检修提供依据。通过检测MOA泄漏电流阻性成分，可以及时发现MOA故障隐患并及时排除，避免带来更大损失。

关键词：金属氧化物避雷器，泄漏电流，STM32，FFT

Abstract

Metal oxide arrester (MOA) works well when the power grid is struck by lightning, which makes it widely used in distribution network protection. However, the performance of MOA inevitably declines due to many reasons, such as product process, complex use environment and so on. The performance degradation of MOA makes the distribution network and electrical appliances in danger.

In this paper, I first describe the feature of MOA and the cause of faulty. And then I elaborate several commonly used detection methods. Then, on the basis of FFT, a leakage current detection system for MOA based on STM32 is designed. The core technology are collecting leakage current signal through precision current transformer and analyzing the resistive current component in MOA leakage current by FFT. I selected STM32 as the controller and ZigBee for wireless communication in this detecting system. In addition, an analog-digital isolation power supply is designed for the detection circuit to improve the accuracy of the detection circuit as much as possible. The circuit design mainly includes the controller circuit, reference voltage detection circuit, current signal detection circuit, ZigBee communication module control circuit, and PCB board design. In the aspect of software, the MCU processing program is compiled and the upper computer software is designed. Then this device is tested through several experiments. This device can detect the leakage current components of MOA, and then judge whether the MOA is faulty, which provides a basis for the maintenance of power grid. By detecting the leakage current components of MOA, hidden troubles of MOA can be found and eliminated in time to avoid greater losses.

KEY WORDS: MOA, leakage current, STM32，FFT

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 停电检测方法简介 3

1.2.2 带电检测方法简介 3

1.3 论文研究内容及安排 5

1.3.1 论文研究内容 5

1.3.2 本文章节安排 5

第二章 避雷器泄漏电流检测系统总体设计 7

2.1 检测系统整体分析 7

2.2 MOA泄漏电流检测方案 7

2.2.1 直接耦合 7

2.2.2 磁耦合 7

2.3 多次谐波法 9

2.4 检测系统无线通信方案 12

2.4.1 无线通信方式选择 12

2.4.2 ZigBee协议栈结构 13

2.4.3 ZigBee网络拓扑 13

2.5 避雷器泄漏电流检测系统总体设计 14

2.6 本章小结 15

第三章 MOA泄漏电流检测系统的设计与实现 16

3.1 MOA泄漏电流采集器硬件设计 16

3.1.1 采集器电源设计 16

3.1.2 主控制器及其外围电路 16

3.1.3 电流信号采集电路 17

3.1.4 电压信号采集电路 18

3.2 ZigBee通信模块控制电路设计 19

3.2.1 采集器PCB设计 19

3.3 避雷器泄漏电流采集器软件设计 20

3.3.1 STM32程序设计 20

3.3.2 STM32外设配置 22

3.3.3 数据处理 23

3.3.4 ZigBee通信数据包设计 23

3.4 上位机软件设计 24

3.5 本章小结 26

第四章 检测装置测试 27

4.1 上位机软件测试 27

4.2 避雷器泄漏电流检测装置测试 28

4.2.1 测试方案设计 28

4.2.2 传感器及电路误差校正 29

4.2.3 阻性电流分离程序测试 29

4.2.4 检测电路模拟测试 30

4.3 本章小结 32

第五章 总结与展望 34

5.1 工作总结 34

5.2 工作展望 34

参考文献 36

致 谢 38

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